{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:14:51Z","timestamp":1753877691570,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endobronchial fungal infection (EBFI) is a rare form of pulmonary fungal infection that especially affects immunocompromised patients. Furthermore, EBFI resulting in obstruction of the main bronchus is extremely rare. With the development of bronchoscopic techniques, rare cases of EBFI have been reported. A 68-year-old female was referred to the Department of Pulmonology for confusion and obtundation. The patient was diagnosed with septic shock due to acute pyelonephritis followed by obstructive EBFI. We performed bronchoscopic biopsy and endobronchial aspiration for culture. Biopsy showed yeast-like fungus and Candida albicans grew in the culture. EBFI has been under-recognized because of difficulties in confirming the diagnosis. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration and bronchoscopy are used to improve the diagnosis of thoracic infection, such as tuberculosis. The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of infectious diseases of the trachea or main bronchi is expected to widen in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omz055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T08:53:20Z","timestamp":1561971200000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endobronchial fungal infection caused by Candida albicans with main bronchus obstruction: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Taeyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohan","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunji","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jehun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019070104530429700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2014.02.008","article-title":"Respiratory fungal infections: molecular diagnostic tests","volume":"34","author":"Hazen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"2019070104530429700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0611-y","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus during COPD exacerbation: a pair-matched retrospective study","volume":"18","author":"Tong","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2019070104530429700_ref3","article-title":"The spectrum of fungi that infects humans","volume":"5","author":"K\u00f6hler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2019070104530429700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2011.52.5.787","article-title":"Endobronchial aspergilloma: report of 10 cases and literature review","volume":"52","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"2019070104530429700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000094708","article-title":"Endobronchial fungal disease: an under-recognized entity","volume":"74","author":"Karnak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2019070104530429700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.1994.37.9-10.329","article-title":"Pulmonary fungal infections in immunocompromised patients: incidence and risk factors","volume":"37","author":"Von","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2019070104530429700_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis200","article-title":"Performance of Candida real-time polymerase chain reaction, \u03b2-D-glucan assay, and blood cultures in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis","volume":"54","author":"Nguyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019070104530429700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R222","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9365","article-title":"The use of mannan antigen and anti-mannan antibodies in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis: recommendations from the third European conference on infections in leukemia","volume":"14","author":"Mikulska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2019070104530429700_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-1-88","article-title":"Hepatic candidiasis in cancer patients: the evolving picture of the syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Thaler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2019070104530429700_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000460","article-title":"Incidence, etiology, and clinicopathologic features of endobronchial benign lesions","volume":"25","author":"Marchioni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol"},{"key":"2019070104530429700_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A5937","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_MeetingAbstracts.A5937","volume-title":"Endobronchial Fungal Infection: Candida. 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