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Other unusual variants of extra-uterine leiomyomatosis include intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) and leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD). In this article, three cases of BML are presented. One case, in a premenopausal woman, presented cutaneous metastases. We also present a case of IVL and a case of LPD, which occurred in postmenopausal women. Given the rarity of BML, IVL, and LPD, the authors reviewed the literature and herein discuss the implications for treatment in all five cases. Evidence for treating BML, IVL, and LPD is still scarce, and data available from our series and other small series seem to point to the patient\u2019s hormonal status playing a fundamental part in the treatment plan. Furthermore, a collecting bag when performing excision of uterine leiomyomas may help avoid the potential spreading of leiomyomatosis. Hysterectomized patients with chronic cough, frequent respiratory infections, abdominal discomfort, right heart failure, or non-specific symptoms should be actively screened for BML, IVL, and LPD. Treatment should be individualized according to each patient\u2019s hormonal status and desires.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyab019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T05:00:52Z","timestamp":1641013252000},"page":"e89-e98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Benign Metastasizing Leiomyomatosis to the Skin and Lungs, Intravenous Leiomyomatosis, and Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata: A Series of Five Cases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5188-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Boavida Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Oncologia M\u00e9dica, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Relva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Ginecologia, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Vasques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cirurgia Geral, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Ginecologia, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Oncologia M\u00e9dica, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Oncologia M\u00e9dica, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"28","key":"2022031917005570400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4688","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.17.7337","article-title":"Metastasis of a histologically benign-appearing meningioma to the iliac bone.","volume":"26","author":"Azene","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022031917005570400_CIT0002","first-page":"89","article-title":"Metastasizing fibroleiomyoma of the uterus: report of a case and review of the literature.","volume":"15","author":"Steiner","year":"1939","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022031917005570400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.2.1729794","article-title":"Benign giant-cell tumor of bone with pulmonary metastases: clinical findings and radiologic appearance of metastases in 13 cases.","volume":"158","author":"Tubbs","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"2022031917005570400_CIT0004","first-page":"504","article-title":"The lymphoreticular system.","volume-title":"Systemic Pathology","author":"Symmers WStC","year":"1978"},{"key":"2022031917005570400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpdhp.2010.03.009","article-title":"Lymph node metastases in head and neck malignancies: assessment in practice and prognostic importance.","volume":"16","author":"Woolgar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diagnostic Histopathol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022031917005570400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.287085095","article-title":"Leiomyomas beyond the uterus: unusual locations, rare manifestations.","volume":"28","author":"Fasih","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiographics."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022031917005570400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3356-8","article-title":"Leiomyomas beyond the uterus; 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