{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T13:58:05Z","timestamp":1776347885451,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eli Lilly Japan K.K."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ramucirumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 antibody that inhibits tumor cell growth and affects the tumor cell microenvironment. We assessed the efficacy and safety of ramucirumab plus irinotecan combination therapy as second-line treatment in patients with previously treated advanced gastric cancer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with advanced gastric cancer refractory or intolerant to primary chemotherapy were included. Ramucirumab 8 mg\/kg plus irinotecan 150 mg\/m2 combination therapy was administered every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival rate at 6 months and secondary endpoints were overall survival, progression-free survival, response rate, safety, and dose intensity for each drug.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-five patients were enrolled between January 2018 and September 2019. The progression-free survival rate at 6 months was 26.5% [95%CI, 13.2%\u201341.8%, P = .1353)]. Median progression-free and overall survivals were 4.2 months (95%CI, 2.5-5.4 months) and 9.6 months (95%CI, 6.4-16.6 months), respectively. The overall response rate was 25.9% (95%CI, 11.1-36.3%) and disease control rate was 85.2% (95%CI, 66.3-95.8%). Grade \u22653 adverse events that occurred in &amp;gt;10% of patients included neutropenia, leucopenia, anemia, anorexia, and febrile neutropenia. No death or new safety signals with a causal relation to the study treatment were observed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although the primary endpoint was not achieved statistically, combination therapy of ramucirumab plus irinotecan showed anticancer activity and a manageable safety profile for second-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T11:14:21Z","timestamp":1649934861000},"page":"e642-e649","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Phase II Study of Ramucirumab Plus Irinotecan Combination Therapy as Second-Line Treatment in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: HGCSG1603"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7706-0015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Kawamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Center, Hokkaido University Hospital , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2039-3062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Kushiro Rosai Hospital , Kushiro , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1509-9811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michio","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo City General Hospital , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3965-1962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Muto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Akita Red Cross Hospital , Akita , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Sogabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Shindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Nakadori General Hospital , Akita , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Ishiguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaki , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6094-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasushi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Tonan Hospital , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Dazai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo City General Hospital , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8452-6189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Okuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Meguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hokkaido Gastroenterology Hospital , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9577-1884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Sekiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Center, 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