{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:14:14Z","timestamp":1785795254890,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"James C. Bradford Melanoma Fund"},{"name":"Susan and Luke Simons Melanoma Directorship"},{"name":"Van Stephenson Melanoma Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acral and mucosal melanomas (MM) are rare subtypes of melanoma that are biologically and clinically distinct from cutaneous melanoma. Despite the progress in the treatment of cutaneous melanomas with the development of targeted and immune therapies, the therapeutic options for these less common subtypes remain limited. Difficulties in early diagnosis, the aggressive nature of the disease, and the frequently occult sites of origin have also contributed to the poor prognosis associated with acral and MM, with substantially worse long-term prognosis. The rarity of these subtypes has posed significant barriers to better understanding their biological features and investigating novel therapies. Consequently, establishing standardized treatment guidelines has been a challenge. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding acral and MM, focusing on their epidemiology, genetic backgrounds, and unique clinical characteristics. Further discussion centers around the management of primary and advanced disease and the role of emerging targeted and immune therapies for these subtypes, specifically focusing on issues relevant to medical oncologists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T19:18:06Z","timestamp":1652210286000},"page":"703-710","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Management of Acral and Mucosal Melanoma: Medical Oncology Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Seungyeon","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas B","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center , Nashville TN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2022080911503921000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02229","article-title":"Long-term outcomes with nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma","volume":"40","author":"Wolchok","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2022080911503921000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22539-5_14","article-title":"Acral lentiginous melanoma.","volume":"167","author":"Goydos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022080911503921000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.3604","article-title":"Survival for patients with invasive cutaneous melanoma among ethnic groups: the effects of socioeconomic status and 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