{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T22:28:06Z","timestamp":1780525686558,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Checkpoint blockade has improved the response rate and survival in metastatic melanoma. Elective treatment discontinuation appears to be reasonable in most patients who have achieved a confirmed complete remission. It seems crucial to understand whether restarting immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy can induce additional responses or remissions in rare patients who relapse.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective analysis identified only 10 patients who relapsed after elective treatment discontinuation after a radiologically confirmed remission. These patients were retreated with single-agent PD-1 or combined CTLA-4 plus PD-1-directed monoclonal antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found an initial complete response rate of 20% (2 patients) following retreatment. With a median follow-up of 26 months, the addition of individualized salvage therapies converted an additional 4 patients to a 2nd remission. All 6 of these patients have again discontinued therapy. Three patients have died of metastatic melanoma, while another is receiving salvage therapy. Six of our 10 patients experienced grades 2-3 retreatment-related toxicity. There were no hospitalizations or fatalities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retreatment of relapsing patients resulted in 20% complete responses with checkpoint inhibitors. The planned addition of other treatment modalities converted another 4 patients (40%) to a durable 2nd remission. This sequential approach merits further exploration in prospective clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T12:11:07Z","timestamp":1677586267000},"page":"e270-e275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Retreatment of Patients With Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma Who Relapse After Elective Checkpoint Inhibitor Discontinuation After a Complete Remission"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kaviyon","family":"Sadrolashrafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV , Las Vegas, NV , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0713-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfram","family":"Samlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV , Las Vegas, NV , USA"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada , Las Vegas, NV , USA"},{"name":"University of Nevada School of Medicine , Reno, NV , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050815242545700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02229","article-title":"Long-term outcomes with nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma.","volume":"40","author":"Wolchok","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"2023050815242545700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz011","article-title":"Five-year survival outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma treated with pembrolizumab in KEYNOTE-001.","volume":"30","author":"Hamid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann 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ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma: results from the Phase IIIb\/IV CheckMate 511 trial.","volume":"37","author":"Lebbe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"2023050815242545700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08906-1","article-title":"Cautious addition of targeted therapy to PD-1 inhibitors after initial progression of BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma on checkpoint inhibitor therapy.","volume":"21","author":"Samlowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer."},{"key":"2023050815242545700_CIT0011","first-page":"795","article-title":"Cautious addition of MEK inhibitors to PD-1 antibody treatment in patients with NRAS or NF1 mutant metastatic melanoma failing initial immunotherapy.","volume":"7","author":"Hilts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Case 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