{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:11:25Z","timestamp":1791472285769,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Lung Moon Shot Program and the MD Anderson Cancer Center Support","award":["P30 CA016672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA016672"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AI117024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AI117024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pneumonitis causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Estimates of real-world incidence and reported risk factors vary substantially.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective review of 419 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated with anti-PD-(L)1 with or without anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Clinical, imaging, and microbiological data were evaluated by multidisciplinary adjudication teams. The primary outcome of interest was grade \u22652 (CTCAEv5) pneumonitis. Clinicopathologic variables, tobacco use, cancer therapies, and preexisting lung disease were assessed for univariate effects using Cox proportional hazards models. We created multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to assess risk factors for pneumonitis and mortality. Pneumonitis, pneumonia, and progression were modeled as time-dependent variables in mortality models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated 419 patients between 2013 and 2021. The cumulative incidence of pneumonitis was 9.5% (40\/419). In a multivariate model, pneumonitis increased the risk for mortality (HR 1.6, 95% CI, 1.0-2.5), after adjustment for disease progression (HR 1.6, 95% CI, 1.4-1.8) and baseline shortness of breath (HR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.2-2.0). Incomplete resolution was more common with more severe pneumonitis. Interstitial lung disease was associated with higher risk for pneumonitis (HR 5.4, 95% CI, 1.1-26.6), particularly in never smokers (HR 26.9, 95% CI, 2.8-259.0).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pneumonitis occurred at a high rate and significantly increased mortality. Interstitial lung disease, particularly in never smokers, increased the risk for pneumonitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T21:13:13Z","timestamp":1683580393000},"page":"e1065-e1074","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Incidence and Risk Factors for Pneumonitis Associated With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9229-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Altan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic\/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda L","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fechukwu O","family":"Akhmedzhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel R","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrazzak","family":"Zarifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Investigational 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University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Jack Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vadeerat","family":"Rinsurongkawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic\/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don L","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic\/Head and Neck Medical 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Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie R","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Shroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrna C B","family":"Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naval G","family":"Daver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD 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