{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T02:03:19Z","timestamp":1771552999000,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007452","name":"Wu Jieping Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320.6750.2021-11-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320.6750.2021-11-24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Treatment options for T1\/2N0M0 anal squamous cell carcinoma include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and local excision, although the optimal treatment method has not been determined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and Results database was used to search and screen 1465 patients with cT1\/2N0M0 anal squamous cell carcinoma who were clinically diagnosed between 2004 and 2016. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to screen independent prognostic factors and build a nomogram survival prediction model. According to the risk score, patients were divided into low, medium, and high risk groups using X-tile software.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Age, sex, grade and cT stage were identified as independent prognostic factors for cT1\/2N0M0 anal squamous cell carcinoma and were included in the nomogram to construct a prediction model. The C-index of the model was 0.770 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.693-0.856], which was higher than the C-index of T stage 0.565 (95% CI, 0.550-0.612). Low-risk patients benefited from local resection, moderate-risk patients benefited from radiotherapy, and high-risk patients benefited from radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. This was confirmed using external validation data from the center.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The nomogram developed in this study effectively and comprehensively evaluated the prognosis of patients with cT1\/2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Local excision is recommended for low risk patients, radiotherapy for moderate-risk patients, and radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for high-risk patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyae068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T23:18:50Z","timestamp":1714519130000},"page":"e1003-e1011","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Rational treatment options for T1\/2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: a population-based study combined with external validation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiulei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7283-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024080521160527700_CIT0001","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume-title":"CA Cancer J Clin","author":"Sung","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024080521160527700_CIT0002","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2022","volume-title":"CA Cancer J Clin","author":"Siegel","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024080521160527700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070135","article-title":"Role of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on HPV infection and recurrence of HPV related disease after local surgical treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume-title":"BMJ","author":"Kechagias","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024080521160527700_CIT0004","first-page":"2273","article-title":"Treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions to prevent anal cancer","volume-title":"N Engl J Med","author":"Palefsky","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024080521160527700_CIT0005","first-page":"2774","article-title":"Anal cancer: emerging standards in a rare disease","volume-title":"J Clin Oncol","author":"Eng","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024080521160527700_CIT0006","first-page":"68","article-title":"Pilot trial of topical MTS\u201101 application to reduce dermatitis in patients receiving chemoradiotherapy for stage I\u2011III carcinoma of the anal canal","volume-title":"Int J Oncol","author":"Citrin","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024080521160527700_CIT0007","first-page":"139","article-title":"Anal cancer: current standards in care and recent changes in practice","volume-title":"CA Cancer J Clin","author":"Shridhar","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024080521160527700_CIT0008","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Anal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume-title":"Ann Oncol","author":"Rao","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024080521160527700_CIT0009","first-page":"1282","article-title":"Treatment compliance in early-stage anal cancer","volume-title":"Ann Oncol","author":"Pretta","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024080521160527700_CIT0010","first-page":"1209","article-title":"Primary surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy in early stage squamous cell carcinoma in the anal canal and anal margin","volume-title":"Acta Oncol","author":"Leon","year":"2018"},{"issue":"9034","key":"2024080521160527700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)03409-5","article-title":"Epidermoid anal cancer: results from the UKCCCR randomised trial of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin. 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