{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:48:41Z","timestamp":1792003721609,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GETNE"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have impaired nutritional and physical performance due to the cancer pathophysiology and its treatment. The NUTRIGETNE study sought to characterize the nutritional status of patients with advanced GEP-NENs in Spain. This is a cross-sectional study that included patients with advanced GEP-NENs receiving active oncological treatment. Patients had a complete physical examination, anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, dynamometry, laboratory analysis, and a comprehensive nutritional risk assessment. Malnutrition was defined according to Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. The study included 399 patients out of the 400 planned (Pearson\u2019s \u03c72; \u03b1 0.05). Median age was 62 years (22-83). Tumors most commonly originated in the small intestine (43.9%) and the pancreas (41.6%), 94.7% were metastatic, and 36.7%, 49.4%, and 12.5% were G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Malnutrition prevalence was 61.9% (25.8% moderate; 36.1% severe), mainly due to low muscle mass (50.9%), which was the most prevalent GLIM phenotypic criteria. Moreover, malnutrition showed a correlation with decreased hand grip strength (mean 23 vs 31.9\u00a0kg; P\u2005&amp;lt;.001) and phase angle (median 5o vs 5.6o; P\u2005&amp;lt;.001). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 15%. Malnutrition was more frequent in patients with diabetes (74.4% vs 56.7%; P\u2005&amp;lt;.001), NECs (82.1% vs 60.3%; P\u2005=.062), and in those treated with chemotherapy (71.2% vs 59.7%; P\u2005=.058), whereas it did not correlate with tumor origin (P\u2005=.507), histological grade (P\u2005=.781), or functionality (P\u2005=.465). Malnutrition was correlated to body mass index (BMI) (P\u2005=.015), although it was also diagnosed in a high proportion of patients with no weight loss (63%, 54.1%, and 65.1% of patients with normal BMI, overweight, and obesity, respectively). Cachexia was present in 109 (27.3%) patients. Malnutrition is very prevalent and commonly underdiagnosed in patients with GEP-NENs. It is associated with sarcopenia and a worse QoL, requiring a multifactorial nutritional assessment. Certain factors such as the presence of diabetes may require closer monitoring due to a higher risk of malnutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyae343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T07:20:32Z","timestamp":1738826432000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Nutritional status and quality of life of patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in Spain: the NUTRIGETNE (GETNE-S2109) study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Maribel","family":"del Olmo-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Research Unit, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe , Valencia, 46026 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia , Valencia, 46010 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Hernandez-Rienda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Research Unit, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe , Valencia, 46026 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3342-397X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rocio","family":"Garcia-Carbonero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Imas12, Facultad de Medicina, UCM , Madrid, 28041 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Hernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) , Barcelona, 08035 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Custodio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Madrid, 28046 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Anton-Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Imas12, Facultad de Medicina, UCM , Madrid, 28041 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Support Unit, Vall Hebron University Hospital , Barcelona, 08035 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samara","family":"Palma\u00a0Milla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz , Madrid, 28046 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) , Oviedo, 33011 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Bellver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Unit, Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Oncologia (ICO), l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona, 08908 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona, 08908 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Aragones de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet , Zaragoza, 50009 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, Instituto Maimonides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedica (IMIBIC) , C\u00f3rdoba, 14004 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Vald\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Cruces , Barakaldo, 48903 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Biobizkaia CIBERDEM\/CIBERER, EndoERN. UPV\/EHU , Barakaldo, 48903 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Melian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncolog\u00eda (IVO) , Valencia, 46009 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8806-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Febrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine Surgery, General Surgery Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital , Murcia, 30120 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Antonio","family":"Sampedro-Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de La Princesa , Madrid, 28006 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefina","family":"Biarnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta , Girona, 17007 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel","family":"D\u00edaz-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Cl\u00ednico San Carlos , Madrid, 28040 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Molina-Cerrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal , Madrid, 28034 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL , UNICAN, Santander, 39008 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Mart\u00ednez Olmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela , A Coru\u00f1a, 15706 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Molecular Endocrinology Group-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, Santiago de Compostela , A Coru\u00f1a, 15706 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de La Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Francisco","family":"Merino-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Research Unit, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe , Valencia, 46026 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia , Valencia, 46010 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Capdevila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) , Barcelona, 08035 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4266-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Argente Pla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Research Unit, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe , Valencia, 46026 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"NUTRIGETNE Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Alonso-Gordoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Ruiz Grandos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Brox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Isabel Castro Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navia","family":"Duyos Mato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Cabezas Agr\u00edcola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Di\u00e9guez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Monge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"G\u00e1ndara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Casteras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Garc\u00eda-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Mic\u00f3 Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13249","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13249","article-title":"European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for digestive neuroendocrine carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Sorbye","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13306","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13306","article-title":"European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for gastroduodenal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) G1-G3","volume":"35","author":"Panzuto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13309","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13309","article-title":"European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for colorectal neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"35","author":"Rinke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1159\/000443172","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines for high-grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas","volume":"103","author":"Garcia-Carbonero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100510","article-title":"Incidence and survival of neuroendocrine neoplasia in England 1995-2018: a retrospective, population-based study","volume":"23","author":"White","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1390729","article-title":"The management of neuroendocrine tumours: a nutritional viewpoint","volume":"59","author":"Gallo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-018-9443-6","article-title":"Supportive therapy in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: often forgotten but important","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148:w14682","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2018.14682","article-title":"Clinical presentation of 54 patients with endogenous hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: a neurological chameleon (observational study)","volume":"18","author":"Valente","year":"2018","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200011000-00004","article-title":"Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. clinical presentation in 261 patients","volume":"79","author":"Roy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199603000-00002","article-title":"The glucagonoma syndrome. Clinical and pathologic features in 21 patients","volume":"75","author":"Wermers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12111150","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between obesity, metabolic syndrome and neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"12","author":"Lan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.276733.115","article-title":"Mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in cancer-associated cachexia","volume":"30","author":"Petruzzelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020356","article-title":"When eating becomes torturous: understanding nutrition-related cancer treatment side effects among individuals with cancer and their caregivers","volume":"14","author":"Milliron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1159\/000503634","article-title":"Nutritional complications and the management of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"110","author":"Laing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79884","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20168","article-title":"Prevalence of malnutrition in patients at first medical oncology visit: the PreMiO study","volume":"8","author":"Muscaritoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.12.027","article-title":"Which screening method is appropriate for older cancer patients at risk for malnutrition","volume":"31","author":"Isenring","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.02.005","article-title":"ESPEN practical guideline: clinical nutrition in cancer","volume":"40","author":"Muscaritoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.02.005","article-title":"Awareness and consideration of malnutrition among oncologists: Insights from an exploratory survey","volume":"32","author":"Caccialanza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P06","DOI":"10.1530\/endoabs.52.P06","article-title":"Nutritional assessment and vitamin deficiencies in patients with NETs","volume":"52","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine Abstracts."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e010765","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010765","article-title":"Screening for malnutrition in patients with gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: a cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Qureshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000442983","article-title":"Malnutrition predicts clinical outcome in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasia","volume":"104","author":"Maasberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-018-9466-z","article-title":"Nutrition and neuroendocrine tumors: an update of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Altieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2018.1430848","article-title":"Nutritional status and nutritional risk in patients with neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"53","author":"Borre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4402","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14184402","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors: a comprehensive review on nutritional approaches","volume":"14","author":"Muscogiuri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/s0261-5614(03)00098-0","article-title":"ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002","volume":"22","author":"Kondrup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.04.011","article-title":"A large randomized individual and group intervention conducted by registered dietitians increased adherence to Mediterranean-type diets: the PREDIMED study","volume":"108","author":"Zazpe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10613","article-title":"Evaluation of nutrition status using the subjective global assessment: malnutrition, cachexia, and sarcopenia","volume":"36","author":"Duerksen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001","article-title":"Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnosis of malnutrition","volume":"41","author":"Barazzoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.002","article-title":"GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition - a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community","volume":"38","author":"Cederholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50216.x","article-title":"Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability","volume":"50","author":"Janssen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.5.365","article-title":"The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology","volume":"85","author":"Aaronson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.560","article-title":"Validation of the EORTC QLQ-GINET21 questionnaire for assessing quality of life of patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"108","author":"Yadegarfar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v093.i11","article-title":"Network coincidence analysis: the netCoin R package","volume":"93","author":"Escobar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stat Softw."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1316158","article-title":"Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"371","author":"Caplin","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2018.04.013","article-title":"Diabetes and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: Which interplays, if any","volume":"67","author":"Gallo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3034","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.466","article-title":"Risk factors for sporadic pancreatic endocrine tumors: a case-control study of prospectively evaluated patients","volume":"104","author":"Capurso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.010","article-title":"Metformin use is associated with longer progression-free survival of patients with diabetes and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors receiving everolimus and\/or somatostatin analogues","volume":"155","author":"Pusceddu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14010111","article-title":"Sarcopenia and ghrelin system in the clinical outcome and prognosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"14","author":"Herrera-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2016.1015","article-title":"Muscle wasting associated with the long-term use of mTOR inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Gyawali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5189","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14215189","article-title":"Impact of change in body composition during follow-up on the survival of GEP-NET","volume":"14","author":"Sebastian-Valles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121854","article-title":"Impact of nutritional status on Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NET) aggressiveness","volume":"10","author":"Barrea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endien.2022.07.007","article-title":"Morfo-functional nutritional status in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNET)","volume":"69","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Medina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-2803.201800000-85","article-title":"Malnutrition and clinical outcomes in surgical patients with colorectal disease","volume":"55","author":"Keniti Gomes Nishiyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0046","first-page":"1943","article-title":"Nutritional assessment in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"50","author":"Gurski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0629-0","article-title":"Relationship between markers of malnutrition and clinical outcomes in older adults with cancer: systematic review, narrative synthesis and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Bullock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03225-7","article-title":"Cholesterol-modified prognostic nutritional index (CPNI) as an effective tool for assessing the nutrition status and predicting survival in patients with breast cancer","volume":"21","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-00977-4","article-title":"Inflammation as a diagnostic criterion in the GLIM definition of malnutrition-what CRP-threshold relates to reduced food intake in older patients with acute disease","volume":"76","author":"Pourhassan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-9-37","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance phase angle in clinical practice: implications for prognosis in stage IIIB and IV non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"9","author":"Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-2215-1-5","article-title":"Can subjective global assessment of nutritional status predict survival in ovarian cancer","volume":"1","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602029","article-title":"Prognostic significance of Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in advanced colorectal cancer","volume":"59","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7798","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0734","article-title":"Prognostic factors and survival in 324 patients with pancreatic endocrine tumor treated at a single institution","volume":"14","author":"Ekeblad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000031","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor therapy and potential long-term harm","volume":"21","author":"Corleto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"2025030422480087900_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0455","article-title":"Telotristat ethyl in carcinoid syndrome: safety and efficacy in the TELECAST phase 3 trial","volume":"25","author":"Pavel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer."}],"container-title":["The Oncologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/30\/2\/oyae343\/62166770\/oyae343.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/30\/2\/oyae343\/62166770\/oyae343.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T17:48:21Z","timestamp":1741110501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyae343\/8042137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyae343","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7159","1549-490X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7159","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-490X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"article-number":"oyae343"}}