{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:49:04Z","timestamp":1792039744814,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used among multiple types of cancers, but there are limited studies on the long-term effects of ICIs on fertility. Our study examines reproductive outcomes following ICI treatment and details experiences with fertility services at a single tertiary institution. A total of 184 female patients between the ages of 18-45 with documented diagnoses of malignancies were treated with ICIs from January 2012 to December 2023 at a single tertiary medical center. Demographics, oncologic, and fertility data were collected. Of 184 patients, 68 (37.0%) had documented fertility discussions prior to initiation of ICIs and 36 (19.6%) patients were referred to reproductive medicine. Of the referred patients, the median age at time of ICI therapy was 32\u2009years. 27 (75%) were Caucasian and 6 (16.7%) were African American. The most common cancers were breast adenocarcinoma (52.8%), hematologic malignancies (25%), and melanoma (13.9%). 21 (58.3%) underwent a fertility preservation cycle (oocyte or embryo cryopreservation). There were 3 individuals with successful pregnancies. One individual used in vitro fertilization to conceive, resulting in 2 full-term live births. The other two conceived via natural conception, resulting in one full-term live birth each. Time to conception ranged from 12-27\u2009months following ICI completion. All 3 patients underwent treatment with nivolumab, 2 of whom received chemotherapy treatment beforehand. Successful conception following treatment with immunotherapy is possible. Larger multi-institutional studies are needed to further delineate the long-term effect of ICIs on fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyaf310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T12:22:48Z","timestamp":1759234968000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A single-institution study evaluating the fertility of young adults with malignancy treated with immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6595-8610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny D","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Department of Medicine, , Cleveland, OH 44106,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Coyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Department of Oncofertility, , Cleveland, OH 44106,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Mirsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Department of Hematology\/Oncology, , Cleveland, OH 44106,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Daunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Department of Oncofertility, , Cleveland, OH 44106,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Flyckt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Department of Oncofertility, , Cleveland, OH 44106,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris Y","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Department of Hematology\/Oncology, , Cleveland, OH 44106,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025103011024867400_oyaf310-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.70","article-title":"The altered pd-1\/pd-l1 pathway delivers the \u2018one-two punch\u2019 effects to promote the treg\/th17 imbalance in pre-eclampsia","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2025103011024867400_oyaf310-B2","first-page":"332","article-title":"Addressing barriers to fertility preservation for cancer patients: the role of oncofertility patient navigation","volume":"12","author":"Dorfman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship"},{"key":"2025103011024867400_oyaf310-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e403","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.21.00479","article-title":"Trainee-led quality improvement project to improve fertility preservation counseling for patients with cancer","volume":"18","author":"Sena","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"2025103011024867400_oyaf310-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14040431","article-title":"Fertility preservation in the era of immuno-oncology: Lights and shadows","volume":"14","author":"Silvestris","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2025103011024867400_oyaf310-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1883","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13941","article-title":"Outcomes of pregnancy during immunotherapy treatment for cancer: Analysis of clinical trials sponsored by the national cancer institute","volume":"26","author":"Mittra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2025103011024867400_oyaf310-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.10.005","article-title":"Fertility outcomes post immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure","volume":"42","author":"Harrold","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2025103011024867400_oyaf310-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.07.937","article-title":"Reproductive impact of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in women with melanoma","volume":"122","author":"Rhodes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025103011024867400_oyaf310-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-022-00413-x","article-title":"Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy diminishes oocyte number and quality in mice","volume":"3","author":"Winship","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"2025103011024867400_oyaf310-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.22.00469","article-title":"Minding the bathwater: Fertility and reproductive toxicity in the age of immuno-oncology","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"}],"container-title":["The Oncologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyaf310\/64459477\/oyaf310.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/30\/10\/oyaf310\/64459477\/oyaf310.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/30\/10\/oyaf310\/64459477\/oyaf310.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T15:02:53Z","timestamp":1761836573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyaf310\/8269784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyaf310","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7159","1549-490X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7159","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-490X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"article-number":"oyaf310"}}