{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:37:50Z","timestamp":1787769470069,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2503700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2503700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2503705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2503705"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"San Hang Program of Navy Medical University"},{"name":"Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission","award":["20Y11908800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20Y11908800"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiotherapy (RT) provides meaningful local control for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but is limited by radio-resistance. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that adding programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blockade may enhance radiosensitivity in various malignancies. We compared outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plus PD-1 inhibitors vs SBRT alone in unresectable HCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients treated with SBRT (January 2019-December 2024) from 3 centers. Key exclusions removed confounding from recent systemic\/locoregional therapies. Propensity score matching (PSM, 1:1) balanced demographics, liver function, tumor characteristics, and prior therapy. Tumor responses were assessed by RECIST 1.1, while survival was estimated by Kaplan\u2013Meier and Cox models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 540 eligible patients, 157 received RT+PD-1 and 383 received RT alone; after PSM, 314 patients remained (157\/157). Median follow-up was 29.9\u2009months (IQR 21-36). After matching, RT+PD-1 showed a higher objective response rate (ORR) that approached significance (48.4% vs 37.6%, P\u2009=\u2009.053). Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly prolonged with RT+PD-1 (median 11.0 vs 8.5\u2009months; 1-year 69.9% vs 54.1%; HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58-0.96, P\u2009=\u2009.024). OS also favored RT+PD-1 (median 33.9 vs 26.3\u2009months; 3-year 41.9% vs 23.0%; HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54-1.02, P\u2009=\u2009.066). On multivariable analysis after PSM, RT+PD-1 independently reduced risks of progression (HR 0.69, P\u2009=\u2009.005) and death (HR 0.70, P\u2009=\u2009.029). Adverse events (AEs) were similar overall, but grade \u22653 AEs were more frequent with RT+PD-1 (15.2% vs 7.0%, P\u2009=\u2009.020).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In unresectable HCC, adding PD-1 blockade to SBRT enhances anti-tumor activity and improves long-term survival outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyaf437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T12:27:26Z","timestamp":1768307246000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhanced efficacy and long-term survival with SBRT plus PD-1 inhibitors versus SBRT alone in unresectable HCC: a multicenter PSM study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xubiao","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University , Shanghai 200433,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yabo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University , Shanghai 200433,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University , Shanghai 200433,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai 200082,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University , Shanghai 200433,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University , Shanghai 200433,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaochong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianfu","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Sichuan 610041,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou 215000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University , Shanghai 200433,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6760-7470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuqun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University , Shanghai 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