{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T18:01:37Z","timestamp":1773684097839,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica","award":["102-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102-2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive impairment related to chemotherapy\u2014commonly referred to as \u201cchemo brain\u201d\u2014is a well-documented phenomenon among breast cancer patients. These impairments affect memory, attention, executive function, and social cognition, yet remain understudied in low- and middle-income countries. In Peru, where populations present a high proportion of Amerindian ancestry and distinct sociocultural factors, evidence is scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a longitudinal study of 143 Peruvian women aged 28-64\u2009years, newly diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer and na\u00efve to chemotherapy, treated at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) in Lima. Cognitive function was assessed using the Addenbrooke\u2019s Cognitive Examination (ACE), the INECO Frontal Screening Test (IFS), and a Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) task to evaluate social cognition. Baseline tests were performed before the start of treatment for each patient, and post-treatment tests were performed every 3\u2009months. Global genetic ancestry was estimated using the ADMIXTURE algorithm based on the Affymetrix Precision Medicine Research Array.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Native American ancestry accounted for 77.8% of the study population. Post-chemotherapy assessments revealed cognitive impairment in 21% of patients based on FER, 15% on ACE, and 12% on IFS. Higher educational attainment was associated with better cognitive performance across all domains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chemotherapy was associated with measurable cognitive decline in a subset of Peruvian breast cancer patients. Brief and culturally adaptable tools such as the FER test offer a promising approach for routine cognitive screening in oncology settings, particularly in resource-limited contexts. Incorporating these assessments into standard care may facilitate early detection and more personalized supportive interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:43:46Z","timestamp":1771937026000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive changes associated with chemotherapy in breast cancer: an assessment of social cognition and executive functions in Peruvian patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8406-739X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro","family":"Casavilca-Zambrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Hu\u00e1nuco , Hu\u00e1nuco,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"Unidad Funcional de Gesti\u00f3n del Banco Nacional de Tumores, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neopl\u00e1sicas (INEN) , Lima,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8025-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilton","family":"Custodio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias , Lima,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3570-8802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruddy","family":"Liendo-Picoaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Funcional de Gesti\u00f3n del Banco Nacional de Tumores, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neopl\u00e1sicas (INEN) , Lima,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Culture and Immunology Research, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur , Lima,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0447-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Contreras Mancilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Funcional de Gesti\u00f3n del Banco Nacional de Tumores, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neopl\u00e1sicas (INEN) , Lima,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Anthropological Oncology (LOAM) , INEN\u2013IRD, Lima,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0798-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny Katherine","family":"Bonifacio Mundaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Funcional de Gesti\u00f3n del Banco Nacional de Tumores, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neopl\u00e1sicas (INEN) , Lima,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Anthropological Oncology (LOAM) , INEN\u2013IRD, Lima,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9342-8756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Montesinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias , Lima,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3179-1151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Fejerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis , Davis, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-1760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Zavala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis , Davis, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0398-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bertani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Anthropological Oncology (LOAM) , INEN\u2013IRD, Lima,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"UMR 152 PHARMADEV, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3015-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Honles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 152 PHARMADEV, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier (UPS) , 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