{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:35:17Z","timestamp":1791855317779,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:44:17Z","timestamp":1771937057000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reflecting on 25 years of SPIKES: bad news communication in our modern era"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6245-2219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"McCollom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkview Health, Department of Palliative and Survivorship Oncology, Fort Wayne, IN 46845,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazie","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Division of Hematology\/Oncology in the Department of Medicine, , Phoenix 85054, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540060072041","article-title":"Breaking bad news. A review of the literature","volume":"276","author":"Ptacek","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/s0748-7983(98)92929-8","article-title":"Breaking bad news","volume":"24","author":"Maguire","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B3","volume-title":"How To Break Bad News: A Guide for Health Care Professionals","author":"Buckman","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.5-4-302","article-title":"SPIKES-A six-step protocol for delivering bad news: application to the patient with cancer","volume":"5","author":"Baile","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15461","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.15461","article-title":"Breaking bad news: a randomized trial assessing resident performance after novel video instruction","volume":"13","author":"Shanks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.70760","article-title":"Breaking bad news education for emergency medicine residents: a novel training module using simulation with the SPIKES protocol","volume":"3","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2023.03.008","article-title":"Training pharmacy students to deliver bad news using the SPIKES model","volume":"15","author":"Galal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Teach Learn"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05096-9","article-title":"Teaching breaking bad news in a gyneco-oncological setting: a feasibility study implementing the SPIKES framework for undergraduate medical students","volume":"24","author":"Zemlin","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3410","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06459-w","article-title":"Evaluating the SPIKES model for improving peer-to-peer feedback among internal medicine residents: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Kistler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.5.453","article-title":"Efficacy of communication skills training for giving bad news and discussing transitions to palliative care","volume":"167","author":"Back","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B11","author":"PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B12","first-page":"203","article-title":"Communicating bad news: a model for emergency mental health helpers","volume":"8","author":"Nardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Ment Health"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e844","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2016.018796","article-title":"REMAP: a framework for goals of care conversations","volume":"13","author":"Childers","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10977","DOI":"10.1002\/aet2.10977","article-title":"SPIKES: breaking bad news in the emergency department","volume":"8","author":"Rivera","year":"2024","journal-title":"AEM Educ Train"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt582","article-title":"Breaking bad news-what patients want and what they get: evaluating the SPIKES protocol in Germany","volume":"25","author":"Seifart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951512000107","article-title":"Attitudes, beliefs and perceptions regarding truth disclosure of cancer-related information in the Middle East: a review","volume":"11","author":"Bou Khalil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Palliat Support Care"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0050","article-title":"Confronting therapeutic failure: a conversation guide","volume":"20","author":"Morgans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B18","author":"Board on Health Care Services; Institute of Medicine"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1188\/17.CJON.573-580","article-title":"Breaking bad news: an evidence-based review of communication models for oncology nurses","volume":"21","author":"Bumb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1075.68401","article-title":"\u201cBREAKS\u201d protocol for breaking bad news","volume":"16","author":"Narayanan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Palliat Care"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642020dn14-040001","article-title":"SPIKES-D: a proposal to adapt the SPIKES protocol to deliver the diagnosis of dementia","volume":"14","author":"Peixoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0250","article-title":"Giving bad news","volume":"20","author":"Baile","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-021-01975-7","article-title":"Teaching toolbox: Breaking bad news with virtual technology in the time of COVID","volume":"37","author":"Vitto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38755","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.38755","article-title":"Proof of concept: using ChatGPT to teach emergency physicians how to break bad news","volume":"15","author":"Webb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13681","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.13681","article-title":"The use of virtual patients for breaking bad news: a rapid review","volume":"21","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Teach"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-022-00230-z","article-title":"Breaking bad news in the era of artificial intelligence and algorithmic medicine: an exploration of disclosure and its ethical justification using the hedonic calculus","author":"Post","year":"2022","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"key":"2026031613121426100_oyag064-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e433944","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_433944","article-title":"When bad news comes through the portal: Strengthening trust and guiding patients when they receive bad results before their clinicians","volume":"44","author":"Salmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"}],"container-title":["The Oncologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag064\/67112110\/oyag064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/31\/4\/oyag064\/67112110\/oyag064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/31\/4\/oyag064\/67112110\/oyag064.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T17:12:20Z","timestamp":1773681140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag064\/8497595"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag064","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7159","1549-490X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7159","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-490X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"article-number":"oyag064"}}