{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:31:40Z","timestamp":1787236300644,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Astellas Pharma Global Development, Pfizer, Inc"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA097186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA097186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA015704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA015704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA069533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA069533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research","award":["W81XWH-17-2-0043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-17-2-0043"]}]},{"name":"Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research","award":["W81XWH-22-2-0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-22-2-0021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite treatment advances, treatment resistance for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is nearly universal. We studied the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties of the combination of enzalutamide and cabazitaxel in patients with mCRPC. For phase 1, we examined the safety of combination therapy and determined the recommended phase 2 dose. Phase 2 primary endpoint included the percentage of patients achieving a\u2009\u2265\u200990% PSA decline (PSA90) as a measure of response to therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A phase 1\/2 single-arm, multi-institutional clinical trial enrolled adults with histologically confirmed progressive mCRPC without prior docetaxel or cabazitaxel chemotherapy for mCRPC. Co-administration of enzalutamide 160\u2009mg orally once daily, cabazitaxel 25\u2009mg\/m2 IV once every 21\u2009days, and prednisone 5\u2009mg orally twice daily in mCRPC. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for all primary and secondary endpoints. Estimated proportions are with 95% confidence interval using the exact method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study met its primary endpoint with 61.1% (95% CI, 43.5% to 76.9%) of patients achieving PSA90. Observed toxicities were similar to those seen with either agent alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination of enzalutamide and cabazitaxel exhibited robust activity with tolerable side effects. Chemo-hormonal therapies warrant further study in mCRPC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>What Does the Study Add<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study of enzalutamide and cabazitaxel combination therapy in patients with advanced, pre-treated mCRPC showed promising efficacy, indicating strong rationale for further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this report we looked at outcomes for patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated at multiple institutions with enzalutamide and cabazitaxel at the same time after castration therapy alone had stopped working. We found the combination was safe and had anti-cancer effect, warranting further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T11:47:20Z","timestamp":1778240840000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A phase I\/II trial of concurrent chemo-hormonal enzalutamide and cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Julie N","family":"Graff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, VA Portland Health Care System , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire E P","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra O","family":"Sokolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Z","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz M","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, VA Portland Health Care System , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emile","family":"Latour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawna","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin","family":"Kreitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Grivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division Hematology\/Oncology), University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5510-0661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael T","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division Hematology\/Oncology), University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celestia S","family":"Higano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division Hematology\/Oncology), University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshi J","family":"Alumkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Medical Oncology Section, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center , Ann Arbor, MI,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Vuky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute , Portland, OR,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan Y","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division Hematology\/Oncology), University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, 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