{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T17:06:55Z","timestamp":1780592815696,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed outcomes in melanoma and other aggressive malignancies. However, subsequent lines of therapy remain limited: modest efficacy, lack of publicly funded options, and declining performance status frequently restrict clinicians\u2019 choices. In this context, temozolomide has re-emerged as a feasible bridge therapy, with emerging evidence suggesting synergistic activity when used alongside anti\u2013PD-1 agents. Here, we describe two cases of single-agent temozolomide administered after progression on prior systemic therapies, including anti\u2013PD-1 and, in one case, targeted therapy, both demonstrating meaningful clinical responses and great patient tolerability. We also briefly discuss how these observations may support further exploration of temozolomide within modern treatment sequencing strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T11:43:18Z","timestamp":1778154198000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temozolomide reconsidered: Real-World evidence in resistant melanoma cases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2509-3592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Henri","family":"Maselli-Schoueri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre\u2014Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology\u2014Department of Medicine\u2014Melanoma and Skin Cancer, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre\u2014Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology\u2014Department of Medicine\u2014Melanoma and Skin Cancer, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick","family":"Lagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre\u2014Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology\u2014Department of Medicine\u2014Melanoma and Skin Cancer, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Fel\u00edcio de","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre\u2014Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology\u2014Department of Medicine\u2014Lung Cancer, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick F","family":"Saldanha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre\u2014Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology\u2014Department of Medicine\u2014Phase I Study, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago Pimentel","family":"Muniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre\u2014Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology\u2014Department of Medicine\u2014Melanoma and Skin Cancer, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus Otho","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre\u2014Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology\u2014Department of Medicine\u2014Melanoma and Skin Cancer, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel David","family":"Saibil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre\u2014Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology\u2014Department of Medicine\u2014Melanoma and Skin Cancer, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060412370307200_oyag184-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3747\/co.2007.98","article-title":"Temozolomide for the treatment of metastatic melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Quirbt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"2026060412370307200_oyag184-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e839","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad184","article-title":"Therapeutic responses to combination nivolumab and temozolomide as salvage therapy for metastatic melanoma: a case series","volume":"28","author":"Goodman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2026060412370307200_oyag184-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000669","article-title":"Chemo-immunotherapy combination after PD-1 inhibitor failure improves clinical outcomes in metastatic melanoma patients","volume":"30","author":"Vera Aguilera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"2026060412370307200_oyag184-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy072","article-title":"Temozolomide for immunomodulation in the treatment of glioblastoma","volume":"20","author":"Karachi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026060412370307200_oyag184-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18030382","article-title":"Drug therapy for melanoma: current updates and future prospects","volume":"18","author":"Kato","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026060412370307200_oyag184-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3754","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15153754","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rechallenge with BRAF\/MEK inhibitors in advanced melanoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Priantti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026060412370307200_oyag184-B7","author":"Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH)","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026060412370307200_oyag184-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcskn.2025.100626","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of temozolomide in metastatic melanoma patients previously treated with immunotherapy and targeted therapy","volume":"3","author":"Ivanova","year":"2025","journal-title":"EJC Skin Cancer"},{"key":"2026060412370307200_oyag184-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.1363","article-title":"Camrelizumab plus apatinib and temozolomide as First-Line treatment in patients with advanced acral melanoma: the CAP 03 phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Mao","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2026060412370307200_oyag184-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9508","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.9508","article-title":"Temozolomide plus cisplatin versus toripalimab (anti-PD-1) as adjuvant therapy in resected mucosal melanoma","volume":"41","author":"Lian","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCO"}],"container-title":["The 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