{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:15:16Z","timestamp":1788225316448,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a biologically heterogeneous, aggressive disease where immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based algorithms, defining luminal androgen receptor (LAR), immunomodulatory (IM), basal-like immunosuppressed (BLIS), mesenchymal (MES), and unclassifiable (UC) subtypes, offer a pragmatic alternative to transcriptomics. This study evaluated clinical trajectories and survival outcomes associated with IHC-based molecular subtypes and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) across distinct subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of 289 women with TNBC treated with chemotherapy-only regimens analyzed molecular subtypes across four clinical groups: non-recurrent, recurrent, progression during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and de novo metastatic disease. IHC-based subclassification included androgen receptor (AR), CD8, FOXC1, and DCLK1 biomarkers. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort included non-recurrent (43.9%), recurrent (26.3%), neoadjuvant progressors (11.5%), and de novo stage IV (18.3%) cases. IM subtype (16.3%) was enriched in non-recurrent cases with the highest median sTILs levels (20.0%). BLIS (26.3%) and UC (39.4%) subtypes predominated in recurrent and metastatic disease, while MES subtype (9.0%) predominated in neoadjuvant chemotherapy progressors. In early-stage disease, sTILs \u226510% independently predicted superior OS (HR 0.63, 95% CI, 0.40-1.0; P\u2009=\u2009.049), showing no prognostic role in the de novo stage IV group. Molecular subtypes lost independent significance in multivariable models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicopathological factors and sTILs remain primary prognostic determinants in TNBC. Although IHC-based molecular subtypes were not independent survival predictors, their differential clinical distribution validates their biological relevance to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities, and to guide precision medicine and de-escalation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:40:50Z","timestamp":1786448450000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunohistochemistry-based molecular subtypes and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: a chemotherapy-only cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3247-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus Edgardo","family":"Hernandez-Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud , Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, 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14080,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areli","family":"Velazquez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology and Hematology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda , Mexico City, 14080,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4320-9448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Cabrera-Galeana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology and Hematology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda , Mexico City, 14080,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4849-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Sof\u00eda","family":"G\u00f3mez-Mac\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Institute and Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey , San Pedro Garza Garcia, 66278,","place":["Mexico"]},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario \u201cDr Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n , Monterrey, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, 64460, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fany Iris","family":"Porras-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Patolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda , Mexico City, 14080,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor Manuel","family":"P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Patolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda , Mexico City, 14080,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Aranda-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Institute and Breast Cancer Center, 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