{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:16:23Z","timestamp":1788376583308,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has activity in Grade 3 (G3) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), but predictive biomarkers of long-term overall survival (OS) are currently lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We derived a genomic scoring system using a retrospective cohort of 54 NEN patients treated with nivolumab and\/or ipilimumab, alongside a chemotherapy-only control (n\u2009=\u200915) and pan-cancer validation cohort (n\u2009=\u20091661). An overall genomic score (GS-O) combining positive (GS-P) and negative response genes (GS-N) was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the ICI cohort, patients with GS-O\u2009\u2265\u20092 had significantly better outcomes: median OS was not reached, compared to 3.9\u2009months for low scores (HR = 0.007, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). After multivariate adjustment, GS-P was independently associated with improved OS while GS-N showed a trend towards worsened OS. Importantly, GS-O\u2009\u2265\u20092 did not predict survival in the chemotherapy-alone cohort but was validated as independently predictive in the pan-cancer validation dataset (HR = 0.92, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study establishes a novel genomic score to predict OS in NENs treated with ICI with important pan-cancer implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:40:29Z","timestamp":1787398829000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel genomic score predicts survival with immune checkpoint inhibition in neuroendocrine neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Tanvi","family":"Brar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA 02215,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Olowookere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Baccalaureate Program, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dat","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern , Chicago, IL 60611,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA 02118,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9099-5990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhavana","family":"Konda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Cancer Center , Columbus, OH 43210,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5878-9900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vineeth","family":"Sukrithan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Cancer Center , Columbus, OH 43210,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090214420751400_oyag324-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-3356","article-title":"A phase II basket trial of dual anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade in rare tumors (DART SWOG 1609) in patients with nonpancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"26","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026090214420751400_oyag324-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3194","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33591","article-title":"A phase II basket trial of dual anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade in rare tumors (DART) SWOG S1609: high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm cohort","volume":"127","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026090214420751400_oyag324-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38611-5","article-title":"Durvalumab plus tremelimumab for the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms of gastroenteropancreatic and lung origin","volume":"14","author":"Capdevila","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026090214420751400_oyag324-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0382-x","article-title":"Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"25","author":"Keenan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026090214420751400_oyag324-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.08.024","article-title":"Clonal hematopoiesis and differential outcomes after immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"40","author":"Hsiehchen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026090214420751400_oyag324-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0312-8","article-title":"Tumor mutational load predicts survival after immunotherapy across multiple cancer types","volume":"51","author":"Samstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026090214420751400_oyag324-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0768-9","article-title":"The role of PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker: an analysis of all US food and drug administration (FDA) approvals of immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026090214420751400_oyag324-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30445-9","article-title":"Association of tumour mutational burden with outcomes in patients with advanced solid tumours treated with pembrolizumab: prospective biomarker analysis of the multicohort, open-label, phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study","volume":"21","author":"Marabelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2026090214420751400_oyag324-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.7684","article-title":"Response rates to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in microsatellite-stable solid tumors with 10 or more mutations per megabase","volume":"7","author":"Valero","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2026090214420751400_oyag324-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.02.006","article-title":"High tumor mutation burden fails to predict immune checkpoint blockade response across all cancer types","volume":"32","author":"McGrail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"}],"container-title":["The 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