{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:35:49Z","timestamp":1791999349816,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R38AG070229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R38AG070229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rural Americans experience higher cancer incidence and mortality than their urban counterparts, yet oncology physician supply to rural areas is incompletely characterized. We determined longitudinal trends in the proportion of oncologists practicing rurally and identified characteristics associated with rural practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physicians reporting a primary specialty of hematology, hematology\/oncology, or medical oncology were identified from annual archived versions of the CMS Physician Compare Database (2014-2025). Rural status was determined from Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes applied to practice ZIP code (codes 4-10\u2009=\u2009rural). Temporal trends were assessed with Mann-Kendall tests. Rural and urban physician characteristics were compared using chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 19,807 unique oncologists (14,272 in 2025). Despite a 26% workforce expansion, the rural proportion declined from 11.1% to 8.0% (\u03c4 = \u22120.73, P\u2009=\u2009.001). Per capita, rural supply fell from 6.5 to 5.5 per 100,000 adults aged \u226555 (\u03c4 = \u22120.58, P\u2009=\u2009.009) while urban supply rose from 11.7 to 13.1 (\u03c4 = +0.48), widening the urban-to-rural ratio from 1.8 to 2.4. Rural oncologists were more likely to be male, late career, and in mid-size groups (all P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Academic medical center affiliation (aOR 0.10) and large group size (aOR 0.40) were associated with decreased odds of rural practice, whereas late career stage (aOR 1.58) and Midwest region (aOR 1.62) were associated with increased odds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rural oncology workforce is declining proportionally and per capita despite overall growth. Retirement of late-career rural oncologists without early-career replacement threatens to further erode rural cancer care access.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T11:45:35Z","timestamp":1787139935000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Declining rural oncologist supply in the United States: a workforce analysis from 2014 to 2025"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3351-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David X","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass General Brigham Cancer Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA 02142,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090818351814300_oyag333-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-24-0072","article-title":"Rural-urban cancer incidence and trends in the United States, 2000 to 2019","volume":"33","author":"Semprini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2026090818351814300_oyag333-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0587","article-title":"Stage at diagnosis for common cancers according to rurality, area deprivation, and insurance, 2017 to 2021","volume":"18","author":"Fairfield","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila)"},{"key":"2026090818351814300_oyag333-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djag047","article-title":"Long-term trends in cancer mortality by rural-urban status, United States, 1969-2023","author":"Islami","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2026090818351814300_oyag333-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.04.023","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of transportation barriers to health care among US adults with a history of skin cancer","volume":"88","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2026090818351814300_oyag333-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-022-02433-0","article-title":"Geographic disparities in access to immunotherapy clinical trials for metastatic melanoma","volume":"315","author":"Mulligan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2026090818351814300_oyag333-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71036","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71036","article-title":"Rural cancer survivors\u2019 perceived delays in seeking medical attention, diagnosis and treatment: findings from a large qualitative study","volume":"14","author":"Taglieri-Sclocchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2026090818351814300_oyag333-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djac030","article-title":"Rural-urban disparities in cancer outcomes: opportunities for future research","volume":"114","author":"Bhatia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2026090818351814300_oyag333-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70054","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.70054","article-title":"Urban-rural differences in the age of US physicians","volume":"41","author":"Crowley","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Rural Health"},{"key":"2026090818351814300_oyag333-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1200\/OP-25-00144","article-title":"Where have we been and where are we going? 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