{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:51:03Z","timestamp":1791571863329,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy represent a first-line standard across multiple solid tumors; however, the contribution of chemotherapy backbone to the efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of phase II-III randomized trials comparing ICI\u2013chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone, with the aim of evaluating whether chemotherapy backbone selection was associated with differences in clinical outcomes across tumor types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-nine trials including over 30\u00a0000 patients were analyzed. Detailed characteristics of included trials by tumor type are reported in Tables S1-S6. Chemo\u2013immunotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.66-0.72) and overall survival (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.76-0.81). Among the evaluated chemotherapy backbones, platinum-pemetrexed was associated with the greatest relative survival benefit (HR 0.66), followed by platinum\u2013taxane and fluoropyrimidine\u2013platinum regimens (HR 0.78), whereas platinum\u2013gemcitabine showed comparatively lower benefit (HR 0.83). Anti\u2013PD-1 regimens demonstrated numerically greater benefit than anti\u2013PD-L1 therapies, although these findings should be interpreted in light of the non-random distribution of treatment regimens across tumor types. Because chemotherapy backbones were closely linked to tumor-specific standards of care, these differences cannot be interpreted as evidence of superiority across tumor types. All combinations increased grade \u22653 adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences in outcomes were observed across chemotherapy backbones; however, these findings likely reflect the combined influence of tumor-specific treatment paradigms, underlying disease biology, and potentially the chemotherapy backbone itself. Therefore, the results should be considered hypothesis-generating and warrant prospective validation within individual tumor types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:25:17Z","timestamp":1789673117000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemotherapy backbone and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations across solid tumors: a pan-tumor network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1414-529X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisana","family":"Sisca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Rome, 00128,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie , Paris, 75005,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam Grazia","family":"Polito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Rome, 00128,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Territorial Oncology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome , Aprilia, 04011,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Cortellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Rome, 00128,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , London, W12 0NN,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Russano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Rome, 00128,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Silletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Rome, 00128,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Scafetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Rome, 00128,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Calagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico , Rome, 00128,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Iuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione 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