{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T13:49:43Z","timestamp":1791467383703,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People living with HIV (PWH) are underrepresented in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and targeted therapy trials, despite a growing burden of malignancies. Cabozantinib may remodel the tumor microenvironment by reducing immunosuppressive myeloid populations and enhancing cytotoxic T-cell infiltration, thereby augmenting antitumor immunity and providing a biologic rationale for combination with PD-1 blockade. However, prospective data on combined ICI and antiangiogenic strategies in PWH are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a multicenter pilot trial of cabozantinib plus nivolumab in PWH with advanced solid tumors receiving stable antiretroviral therapy. The primary endpoints were safety and feasibility. Secondary endpoints included disease control and longitudinal HIV parameters. To place the trial findings in context, we also conducted a focused systematic review of prospective studies evaluating ICIs and relevant targeted therapies in PWH with cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between November 2021 and January 2024, 8 participants were enrolled and 7 initiated treatment (Kaposi sarcoma, n\u2009=\u20095; chondrosarcoma, n\u2009=\u20091; prostate cancer, n\u2009=\u20091). No dose-limiting toxicities occurred. Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were infrequent; no grade 4 or 5 treatment-related adverse events occurred. Among 6 response-evaluable participants, best overall response was stable disease in 5, including disease stabilization lasting &amp;gt;12 months in 3 heavily pretreated participants. HIV viral load and CD4 counts remained stable during treatment. The literature review supported the feasibility of immune checkpoint inhibition in selected PWH receiving antiretroviral therapy, with the strongest prospective activity signal in Kaposi sarcoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nivolumab plus cabozantinib had a manageable safety profile without an apparent loss of HIV virologic control in available measurements. Durable disease stabilization occurred in some participants, but antitumor efficacy cannot be determined from this small, heterogeneous cohort. These findings support larger dedicated studies in PWH, particularly in Kaposi sarcoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04514484.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:51:06Z","timestamp":1791463866000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nivolumab and Cabozantinib in People with HIV and Advanced Solid Tumors: A Pilot Trial and Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Haiying","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center Department of Oncology, , 1695 Eastchester Rd, Bronx, NY, 10467,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ece","family":"Cali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine Division of Oncology, , 660\u2009S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mumtu","family":"Lalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center Department of Oncology, , 1695 Eastchester Rd, Bronx, NY, 10467,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Department of Oncology, , 2220 Pierce Avenue. Nashville, TN, 37232,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hillman Cancer Center\/University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine and Immunology, , 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, , New York, New York, 10461,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin A","family":"Gartrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center Department of Oncology, , 1695 Eastchester Rd, Bronx, NY, 10467,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sparano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Medical Oncology, , 425 West 59th Street, New York, NY, 10019,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Rajdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Medical Oncology, , 425 West 59th Street, New York, NY, 10019,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hillman Cancer Center\/University of Pittsburgh Department of Oncology, , 5110 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth Michaels","family":"Pollack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Oncology, , 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liza C","family":"Villaruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hillman Cancer Center\/University of Pittsburgh Department of Oncology, , 5110 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Missak","family":"Haigentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Department of Oncology, , 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyuan","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center Department of Oncology, , 1695 Eastchester Rd, Bronx, NY, 10467,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balazs","family":"Halmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center Department of Oncology, , 1695 Eastchester Rd, Bronx, NY, 10467,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"container-title":["The Oncologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag390\/71718172\/oyag390.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag390\/71718172\/oyag390.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:51:06Z","timestamp":1791463866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag390\/8885538"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag390","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7159","1549-490X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7159","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-490X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"article-number":"oyag390"}}