{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:51:15Z","timestamp":1791975075686,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is used in selected patients with Stage III pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but its association with survival relative to standard-of-care (SOC) therapy remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicenter observational study included 137 patients from the DIRECT registry: 99 treated within an IRE-based strategy and 38 receiving SOC without IRE. Overall survival (OS) from diagnosis was evaluated using propensity-score overlap weighting as the principal adjusted analysis. Conventional inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), propensity-score matching, 3- and 6-month landmark analyses, and a time-dependent Cox model treating IRE as a time-varying exposure were sensitivity analyses. Restricted mean survival time (RMST) at 24 months was estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median time from diagnosis to enrollment was 8 months (IQR, 6-10) with IRE and 4 months (IQR, 3-6) with SOC (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). Unadjusted median OS was 28 months (95% CI, 23-33) and 15 months (95% CI, 12-21), respectively. Overlap weighting was associated with lower mortality with IRE (HR, 0.28; 95% bootstrap CI, 0.12-0.48). Twenty-four-month RMST was 21.22 versus 16.24 months, an absolute difference of 4.99 months (95% bootstrap CI, 1.15-8.12). The time-dependent analysis attenuated but retained the association (HR, 0.59; 95% bootstrap CI, 0.37-0.94). Other sensitivity analyses were directionally consistent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An IRE-based treatment strategy was associated with longer OS than SOC without IRE. Attenuation in the time-dependent analysis indicates that treatment timing and selection contributed to the observed difference. Given the nonrandomized design and potential residual confounding, these findings demonstrate association rather than an independent causal effect of IRE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:21:45Z","timestamp":1791973305000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Irreversible Electroporation Treatment with Overall Survival in Stage III Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: DIRECT Registry Results"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"suffix":"II","given":"Robert C G","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville School of Medicine , Division of Surgical Oncology, Louisville, Kentucky,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah Ruth","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California , San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm M","family":"Bilimoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Community Healthcare , Arlington Heights, Illinois,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Govindarajan","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida , Miami, Florida,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D","family":"Kluger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center , New York, New York,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Iannitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center , Charlotte, North Carolina,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricio M","family":"Polanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chet W","family":"Hammill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Siteman Cancer Center , St. Louis, Missouri,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean P","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Evans","family":"Heithaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Welling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Health , New York, New York,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos H F","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Health Care , Iowa City, Iowa,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"container-title":["The Oncologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag416\/71938872\/oyag416.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag416\/71938872\/oyag416.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:21:46Z","timestamp":1791973306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag416\/8916278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyag416","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7159","1549-490X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7159","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-490X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"article-number":"oyag416"}}