{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:08:01Z","timestamp":1787508481098,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Operative Surg.","ONSURG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Image guidance in open spinal surgery is compromised by changes in spinal alignment between preoperative images and surgical positioning. We evaluated registration of stereo-views of the surgical field to compensate for vertebral alignment changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess accuracy and efficiency of an optically tracked hand-held stereovision (HHS) system to acquire images of the exposed spine during surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standard midline posterior approach exposed L1 to L6 in 6 cadaver porcine spines. Fiducial markers were placed on each vertebra as \u201cground truth\u201d locations. Spines were positioned supine with accentuated lordosis, and preoperative computed tomography (pCT) was acquired. Spines were re-positioned in a neutral prone posture, and locations of fiducials were acquired with a tracked stylus. Intraoperative stereovision (iSV) images were acquired and 3-dimensional (3D) surfaces of the exposed spine were reconstructed. HHS accuracy was assessed in terms of distances between reconstructed fiducial marker locations and their tracked counterparts. Level-wise registrations aligned pCT with iSV to account for changes in spine posture. Accuracy of updated computed tomography (uCT) was assessed using fiducial markers and other landmarks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acquisition time for each image pair was\u00a0&lt;1\u00a0s. Mean reconstruction time was &lt;1 s for each image pair using batch processing, and mean accuracy was 1.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6 mm across 6 cases. Mean errors of uCT were 3.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7 and 2.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5 mm on the dorsal and ventral sides, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that a portable HHS system offers potential to acquire accurate image data from the surgical field to facilitate surgical navigation during open spine surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opaa057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T16:55:33Z","timestamp":1588611333000},"page":"461-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hand-Held Stereovision System for Image Updating in Open Spine Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0576-0087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyao","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell S","family":"Durtschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linton T","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire"},{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2886-5781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songbai","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Institute of Polytechnic, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohail K","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire"},{"name":"PEERClinic for Back Pain and Spine Surgery, Fairfax, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith D","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire"},{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire"},{"name":"Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"bib1-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R505","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/14\/R01","article-title":"Image-guidance for surgical procedures","volume":"51","author":"Peters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2007.04.001","article-title":"Image guidance in spine surgery","volume":"38","author":"Holly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1091-9","article-title":"Image-guided spine surgery: state of the art and future 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spinal surgery: accuracy assessment using explanted porcine spines","volume":"15","author":"Evans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opx132","article-title":"Use of stereovision for intraoperative coregistration of a spinal surgical field: a human feasibility study","volume":"14","author":"Lollis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-2011-3","article-title":"Accuracy of pedicle screw placement: a systematic review of prospective in vivo studies comparing free hand, fluoroscopy guidance and navigation techniques","volume":"21","author":"Gelalis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib11-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0245-2","article-title":"Analysis of anatomic morphometry of the pedicles and the safe zone for through-pedicle procedures in the thoracic and lumbar spine","volume":"16","author":"Lien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200102150-00010","article-title":"Accuracy requirements for image-guided spinal pedicle screw placement","volume":"26","author":"Rampersaud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["Operative 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