{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T18:03:43Z","timestamp":1786125823586,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Operative Surg.","ONSURG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Solid arthrodesis is the long-term goal of most spinal reconstruction surgeries. A multitube of biologics as well as autograft is commonly used to augment the bony fusion. Medial scapular vascularized bone grafts (S-VBGs) are a novel approach to supplement cervicothoracic arthrodesis in patients at high risk for failed fusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To discuss the benefits of using a vascularized scapular graft, pedicled to the rhomboid minor, compared to both nonvascularized bone grafts and free vascularized bone grafts, as well as the surgical technique, feasibility, and nuances of the surgical experience with an S-VBG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The anatomic feasibility of this procedure has been established in cadaver studies. This technical note details the operative steps and presents the first surgery in which a vascularized scapular graft was used to supplement cervicothoracic arthrodesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single patient with complex cervical deformity was successfully treated with this novel arthrodesis approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vascularized scapula grafts, pedicled on the rhomboid minor, provides both structural support and a source of vascularized autograft to a cervicothoracic arthrodesis. It leverages the benefits of a free-flap bone with less operative time and morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opab034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T08:28:06Z","timestamp":1613982486000},"page":"508-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Vascularized Bone Grafts for Spinal Fusion\u2014Part 4: The Scapula"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Edward M","family":"Reece","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9660-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjed","family":"Abu-Ghname","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Chamata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Winocour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Bohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander E","family":"Ropper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181e666d0","article-title":"The results of vascularized-free fibular grafts in complex spinal reconstruction","volume":"24","author":"Ackerman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1952.01260020343016","article-title":"Muscle pedicle bone grafts; experimental study","volume":"65","author":"Davis","year":"1952","journal-title":"AMA Arch Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib3-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198907000-00014","article-title":"Temporal analysis of vascularized and nonvascularized rib grafts in canine spine surgery","volume":"14","author":"Shaffer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib4-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198810000-00017","article-title":"The superiority of vascularized compared to nonvascularized rib grafts in spine surgery shown by biological and physical methods","volume":"13","author":"Shaffer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2006.10.011","article-title":"The role of vascularized bone grafts in spine surgery","volume":"38","author":"Shin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199312000-00010","article-title":"Vascularized bone flaps for thoracolumbar spinal fusion","volume":"31","author":"Yelizarov","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318220e89e","article-title":"Posterior column reconstruction with autologous rib graft after en bloc tumor excision","volume":"37","author":"Lewis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8-20251027","first-page":"832","article-title":"Results of vascularized rib grafts in complex spinal reconstruction","volume":"88","author":"Wilden","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opx258","article-title":"Pedicled vascularized bone grafts for posterior occipitocervical and cervicothoracic fusion: a cadaveric feasibility study","volume":"15","author":"Bohl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib10-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.2.PEDS11371","article-title":"Craniocervical fusions in children","volume":"9","author":"Menezes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib11-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2003.14.6.11","article-title":"General principles in the medical and surgical management of spinal infections: a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"17","author":"Quinones-Hinojosa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib12-20251027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/11\/557","article-title":"Use of the scapular spine in lumbar fusion procedures: cadaveric feasibility study. 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