{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T18:04:01Z","timestamp":1786125841194,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Operative Surg.","ONSURG"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Neurosurgical training is being challenged by rigorous work-hour restrictions and the COVID-19 pandemic.\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    Now, more than ever, surgical simulation plays a pivotal role in resident education and psychomotor skill development. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies enable the construction of inexpensive, patient-specific, anatomically accurate physical models for a more convenient and realistic simulation of complex skull base approaches in a safe environment.\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    All stages of the surgical procedure can be simulated, from positioning and exposure to deep microdissection, which has an unparalleled educational value. The complex approach-specific anatomy, narrow working angles, and pathoanatomic relationships can be readily explored from the surgeon's perspective or point of view.\n                    <jats:sup>2,3<\/jats:sup>\n                    Furthermore, different thermoplastic polymers can be utilized to replicate the visual and tactile feedback of bone (cortical\/cancellous), neurological, and vascular tissues.\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    Retrosigmoid craniectomies are widely used in neurosurgery with various applications, including microvascular decompressions in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.\n                    <jats:sup>5-7<\/jats:sup>\n                    Removal of the suprameatal tubercle (SMT) extends the retrosigmoid approach superiorly to the middle fossa and Meckel's cave, and anteriorly to the clivus.\n                    <jats:sup>8,9<\/jats:sup>\n                    This maneuver may be necessary in patients with prominent SMTs obstructing the view of the trigeminal nerve and in patients with a more anterosuperior neurovascular conflict. This video illustrates a microsurgical training tool for learning and honing the technique of retrosigmoid craniectomy and suprameatal drilling using an affordable (29.00 USD) biomimetic 3D-printed simulator that closely recapitulates not only the anatomy but also the tactile feedback of drilling and manipulating neurological tissues (see Table and Graph 1; minute 07:11) as it happens at the time of surgery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opab238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T08:22:28Z","timestamp":1625905348000},"page":"E355-E356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Retrosigmoid Craniectomy and Suprameatal Drilling\u20143-Dimensionally Printed Microneurosurgical Simulation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jaime L","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Neurologic Surgery Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Damon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurologic Surgery Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8950-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo A","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurologic Surgery Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fidel","family":"Valero-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurologic Surgery Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Qui\u00f1ones-Hinojosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurologic Surgery Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E207","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa166","article-title":"Letter: for whom the bell tolls: overcoming the challenges of the COVID pandemic as a residency program","volume":"87","author":"Weber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"148","key":"bib2-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.144","article-title":"Multilevel hemilaminotomy windows for the surgical management of spinal epidural lipomatosis causing syringomyelia: technical note and literature review","volume":"148","author":"Mart\u00ednez Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"140","key":"bib3-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.06.108","article-title":"Supraorbital craniotomy for sellar solitary fibrous tumor: operative technique and literature review","volume":"141","author":"Gunasekaran","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59993-2","article-title":"Investigation and feasibility of combined 3D printed thermoplastic filament and polymeric foam to simulate the cortiocancellous interface of human vertebrae","volume":"10","author":"Clifton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-010-0284-3","article-title":"The extended retrosigmoid approach for neoplastic lesions in the posterior fossa: technique modification","volume":"34","author":"Raza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 2","key":"bib7-20250821","first-page":"ons-208-ons-214","article-title":"The extended retrosigmoid approach: an alternative to radical cranial base approaches for posterior fossa lesions","volume":"58","author":"Qui\u00f1ones-Hinojosa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199903000-00065","article-title":"Suprameatal extension of the retrosigmoid approach: microsurgical anatomy","volume":"44","author":"Seoane","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E247","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opz027","article-title":"Intraoperative management of an enlarged suprameatal tubercle during microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve, surgical and anatomical description: 2-dimensional operative video","volume":"17","author":"Peris-Celda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Operative Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ons\/article-pdf\/21\/4\/E355\/40331552\/opab238.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1093\/ons\/opab238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:02:48Z","timestamp":1786122168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1093\/ons\/opab238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ons\/opab238","relation":{},"ISSN":["2332-4252","2332-4260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2332-4252","type":"print"},{"value":"2332-4260","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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