{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T18:04:00Z","timestamp":1786125840037,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Operative Surg.","ONSURG"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Cervical spinal cord injuries result in a severe loss of function and independence. The primary goal for these patients is the restoration of hand function. Nerve transfers have recently become a powerful intervention to restore the ability to grasp and release objects. The supinator muscle, although a suboptimal tendon transfer donor, serves as an ideal distal nerve donor for reconstructive strategies of the hand. This transfer is also applicable to lower brachial plexus injuries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n To describe the supinator to posterior interosseous nerve transfer with the goal of restoring finger extension following spinal cord or lower brachial plexus injury.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Nerve branches to the supinator muscle are transferred to the posterior interosseous nerve supplying the finger extensor muscles in the forearm.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The supinator to posterior interosseous nerve transfer is effective in restoring finger extension following spinal cord or lower brachial plexus injury.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n This procedure represents an optimal nerve transfer as the donor nerve is adjacent to the target nerve and its associated muscles. The supinator muscle is innervated by the C5-6 nerve roots and is often available in cases of cervical SCI and injuries of the lower brachial plexus. Additionally, supination function is retained by supination action of the biceps muscle.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opab263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]],"date-time":"2021-08-15T01:12:04Z","timestamp":1628989924000},"page":"E408-E413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Supinator to Posterior Interosseous Nerve Transfer for Restoration of Finger Extension"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Stanley","family":"Bazarek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Sten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Nin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin M","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"bib1-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2290","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002290","article-title":"Nerve transfers\u2014a paradigm shift in the reconstructive ladder","volume":"7","author":"Domeshek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"bib2-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113426","article-title":"The evolution of nerve transfers for spinal cord injury","volume":"333","author":"Bazarek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib3-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.07.012","article-title":"Transfer of supinator motor branches to the posterior interosseous nerve to reconstruct thumb and finger extension in tetraplegia: case report","volume":"35","author":"Bertelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4-20250821","first-page":"121","article-title":"Nerve transfers for elbow and finger extension reconstruction in midcervical spinal cord injuries","volume":"122","author":"Bertelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.4.SPINE19173","article-title":"Nerve transfers in the upper extremity following cervical spinal cord injury. Part 1: systematic review of the literature","volume":"31","author":"Khalifeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"10198","key":"bib6-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31143-2","article-title":"Expanding traditional tendon-based techniques with nerve transfers for the restoration of upper limb function in tetraplegia: a prospective case series","volume":"394","author":"van Zyl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.FOCUS17245","article-title":"A neurophysiological approach to nerve transfer to restore upper limb function in cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"43","author":"Mandeville","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib9-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.02.008","article-title":"Semi-quantitative electromyography as a predictor of nerve transfer outcome","volume":"130","author":"Mandeville","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.4.SPINE19399","article-title":"Nerve transfers in the upper extremity following cervical spinal cord injury. Part 2: Preliminary results of a prospective clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Khalifeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"}],"container-title":["Operative Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ons\/article-pdf\/21\/5\/E408\/40515107\/opab263.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1093\/ons\/opab263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:02:43Z","timestamp":1786122163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1093\/ons\/opab263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ons\/opab263","relation":{},"ISSN":["2332-4252","2332-4260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2332-4252","type":"print"},{"value":"2332-4260","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-16","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}