{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:53:01Z","timestamp":1786125181018,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Operative Surg.","ONSURG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Various extensions of the supraorbital approach reach the lateral and parasellar middle cranial fossa regions by removing the orbital rim and greater\/lesser sphenoid wings. Recent proposals of a purely endoscopic ventral transorbital pathway to these regions heighten the need to compare these surgical windows.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To detail the lateral and parasellar middle cranial fossa regions and quantify exposures by 2 surgical windows (transcranial and transorbital) through anatomic study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 5 cadaveric specimens (10 sides), dissections consisted of 3 stages: stage 1 began with the supraorbital approach via the eyebrow; stage 2, endo-orbital approach via the superior eyelid, continued with removal of lesser and greater sphenoid wings; and stage 3, extended supraorbital, re-evaluated the gains of stage 2 from the perspective of stage 1. Operative working areas were quantified in Sylvian, anterolateral temporal, and parasellar regions; bone removal volumes were measured at each stage (nonpaired Student\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Visualization into the anterolateral temporal and Sylvian areas, though varied in perspective, were comparable with either eyelid or transcranial routes. Compared with transcranial views through a supraorbital window, the eyelid approach significantly increased exposure in the parasellar region with wider angle of attack (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01) and achieved comparable bone removal volumes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage 2\u2019s unique anatomic view of the lateral and parasellar middle cranial fossa regions paves the way for possible surgical application to select pathologies typically treated via transcranial approaches. Disadvantages may be the surgeon's unfamiliarity with the anatomy of this purely endoscopic, ventral route and difficulties of dural and orbital repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opx256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T22:01:46Z","timestamp":1519336906000},"page":"567-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Supraorbital vs Endo-Orbital Routes to the Lateral Skull Base: A Quantitative and Qualitative Anatomic Study"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Di Somma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odon-tostomatological Sciences, Univers-it\u00e1 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norberto","family":"Andaluz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-surgery, University of Cincinnati (UC) College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Comprehensive Stroke Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi Maria","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odon-tostomatological Sciences, Univers-it\u00e1 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey T","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-surgery, University of Cincinnati (UC) College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Comprehensive Stroke Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Solari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odon-tostomatological Sciences, Univers-it\u00e1 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee A","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-surgery, University of Cincinnati (UC) College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Comprehensive Stroke Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati (UC) College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"de Notaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, G. 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