{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:53:25Z","timestamp":1786125205643,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Operative Surg.","ONSURG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Olfactory neuroblastoma, also known as esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB), is a malignant neoplasm with an unpredictable behavior. Currently, the widely accepted treatment is inductive chemotherapy, with or without surgery, followed by radiotherapy. Since data on genetics and molecular alterations of ENB are lacking, there is no standard molecularly targeted therapy. However, ENB commonly expresses the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) that is also expressed by neuroendocrine tumors. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using radiolabeled somatostatin analogues, such as\n                      <jats:sup>177<\/jats:sup>\n                      Lu-octreotate, is an effective treatment for the latter. We present the complex neuroradiological and neuropathological changes associated with\n                      <jats:sup>177<\/jats:sup>\n                      Lu-octreotate treatment of a patient with a highly treatment-resistant ENB.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CLINICAL PRESENTATION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 60-yr-old male presented with an ENB that recurred after chemotherapy, surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, and immunotherapy. Pathology revealed a Hyams grade 3 ENB and the tumor had metastasized to lymph nodes. Tumor SSTR expression was seen on\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga-octreotate positron emission tomography (PET)\/computed tomography (CT), suggesting that PRRT may be an option. He received 4 cycles of\n                      <jats:sup>177<\/jats:sup>\n                      Lu-octreotate over 6 mo, with a partial response of all lesions and symptomatic improvement. Four months after the last PRRT cycle, 2 of the lesions rapidly relapsed and were successfully resected. Three months later,\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga-octreotate PET\/CT and magnetic resonance imaging indicate no progression of the disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We describe imaging changes associated with\n                      <jats:sup>177<\/jats:sup>\n                      Lu-octreotate PRRT of relapsing ENB. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing neuropathological changes associated with this treatment. PRRT is a promising therapeutic option to improve the disease control, and potentially, the survival of patients with refractory ENB.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opy028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T00:12:53Z","timestamp":1521072773000},"page":"100-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neuroradiological and Neuropathological Changes After 177Lu-Octreotate Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy of Refractory Esthesioneuroblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Julia R","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah R","family":"Shatzkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"},{"name":"New York Head and Neck Institute, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen C","family":"Scharf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan M","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"},{"name":"New York Head and Neck Institute, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay O","family":"Kulason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois-Alexandre","family":"Buteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Del Prete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamik","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd A","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Asiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Mathieu","family":"Beauregard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"},{"name":"New York Head and Neck Institute, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A","family":"Boockvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"},{"name":"New York Head and Neck Institute, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"bib1-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(01)00558-7","article-title":"Esthesioneuroblastoma: a meta-analysis and review","volume":"2","author":"Dulguero","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1390011","article-title":"Esthesioneuroblastoma: an update on 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