{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:53:22Z","timestamp":1786125202996,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Operative Surg.","ONSURG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Full-thickness scalp defects pose a reconstructive problem, especially in the setting of infection, chemotherapy\/radiation, and underlying cranial defects. Current options include dermal matrices, skin grafts, and local flaps. Local flaps often fail, requiring subsequent microvascular free flap reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n To describe the visor flap, a novel bipedicled advancement flap design, and its role in reconstruction of scalp defects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective review of 21 adult patients who developed scalp defects reconstructed using the visor flap from 2013 to 2017. The visor flap is a large bipedicled advancement flap design with a triangular extension at the base, which allows redistribution of a large surface area of the scalp.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n All 21 patients achieved complete and viable soft tissue coverage of the recipient site, but 19.0% developed complications unrelated to flap viability, requiring reoperation (infected bone flap, epidural hematoma, and recurrent glioblastoma with subdural abscess). Only 1 patient required conversion to free flap reconstruction due to cerebrospinal fluid leak. Etiologies included cancer (76.1%), cerebrovascular disease (19.0%), and traumatic brain injury (4.8%). Preoperative radiation (42.9%), bone\/hardware exposure (57.1%), and previous craniotomy (85.7%) were widely prevalent. Defect size ranged from 3 to 50 cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n (mean, 16.9 cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ), and flap size ranged from 90 to 500 cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n (mean, 222 cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n The visor flap provides an innovative solution for closure of scalp defects. This technique optimizes immediate closure of tissue compromised by infection or chemotherapy\/radiation without burning bridges to more complex reconstructive options.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opy042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T00:22:48Z","timestamp":1521073368000},"page":"651-655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Role of the Visor Flap in Scalp Reconstruction: A Case Series of 21 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Northwestern University, Fein-berg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni-Ka","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Slavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003332","article-title":"The visor flap: a novel design for scalp wound closure","volume":"28","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2-20240909","first-page":"103","article-title":"Surgical management of radiated scalp in patients with recurrent 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