{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:45:30Z","timestamp":1786124730404,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,12]],"date-time":"2019-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Operative Surg.","ONSURG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The endoscopic endonasal approach is a surgical alternative for midline anterior skull base tumors. A detailed understanding of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) branches\u2019 anatomy from an endonasal perspective is essential for avoiding vascular complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate, from an endonasal perspective, the anatomic variations of the ACA and its proximal branches, specifically the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH), and the fronto-orbital (FOA) and frontopolar (FPA) arteries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We study the origin, course, branching pattern, diameter, and relationship between the proximal ACA branches and the optic apparatus and olfactory tract in 25 head specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RAH was present in all hemispheres and originated within 3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5 mm of the AcomA, with a 0.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1 mm diameter. Based on its relationship with the A1 segment, we observed three RAH courses: anterior (40%), superior (22%), and posterior (38%). The FOA was present in all cases, a mean of 6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04 mm from the AcomA, with a 0.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4 mm diameter. The FOA arose mainly from the A2 (70%), with three courses in relation to the olfactory tract: crossing its proximal third (54%), crossing its middle third (31%), and running parallel to it along the gyrus rectus (15%). The FPA was present in 92% of the hemispheres, a mean of 10\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05 mm from the AcomA, always arising from the A2 and coursing anteriorly within the interhemispheric fissure towards the frontal pole.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RAH, FOA, and FPA can be differentiated by origin, course, and destination using the A1 segment, olfactory tract, and interhemispheric fissure, respectively, as surgical landmarks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opy308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,12]],"date-time":"2019-01-12T00:08:09Z","timestamp":1547251689000},"page":"734-742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Proximal Branches of the Anterior Cerebral Artery: Anatomic Study and Applications to Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Edinson","family":"Najera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huy Q","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao T Alves","family":"Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Borghei-Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Fernandez-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.73.1.0018","article-title":"The International cooperative study on the timing of aneurysm surgery. part 1: Overall management 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