{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:52:35Z","timestamp":1786125155265,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]],"date-time":"2018-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Operative Surg.","ONSURG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ventral part of the precentral gyrus is considered one of the most eloquent areas. However, little is known about the white matter organization underlying this functional hub.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the subcortical anatomy underlying the ventral part of the precentral gyrus, ie, the ventral precentral fiber intersection area (VPFIA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight human hemispheres from cadavers were dissected, and 8 healthy hemispheres were studied with diffusion tensor imaging tractography. The tracts that terminate at the ventral part of the precentral gyrus were isolated. In addition, 6 surgical cases with left side gliomas close to the VPFIA were operated awake with intraoperative electrical stimulation mapping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The connections within the VPFIA are anatomically organized along an anteroposterior axis: the pyramidal pathway terminates at the anterior bank of the precentral gyrus, the intermediate part is occupied by the long segment of the arcuate fasciculus, and the posterior bank is occupied by the anterior segment of the arcuate fasciculus. Stimulation of the VPFIA elicited speech arrest in all cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study shows strong arguments to sustain that the fiber organization of the VPFIA is different from the classical descriptions, bringing new light for understanding the functional role of this area in language. The VPFIA is a critical neural epicenter within the perisylvian network that may represent the final common network for speech production, as it is strategically located between the termination of the dorsal stream and the motor output cortex that directly control speech muscles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opy331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]],"date-time":"2018-11-10T09:50:14Z","timestamp":1541843414000},"page":"182-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ventral Precentral Fiber Intersection Area: A Central Hub in the Connectivity of Perisylvian Associative Tracts"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Gayoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coru\u00f1a, As Xubias, La Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Perez-Borreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan A","family":"Garc\u00eda-Porrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Celular Biology, Cantabria University, Santander (Cantabria), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Marco de Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla and Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander (Cantabria), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla and Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander (Cantabria), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(02)00308-2","article-title":"Motor and cognitive functions of the ventral premotor cortex","volume":"12","author":"Rizzolatti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960805)371:4<649::AID-CNE12>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Movement representation in the dorsal and ventral premotor areas of owl monkeys: a microstimulation study","volume":"371","author":"Preuss","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib3-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/60.4.389","article-title":"Somatotopic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation","volume":"60","author":"Penfield","year":"1937","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.08.015","article-title":"Speech map in the human ventral sensory-motor cortex","volume":"24","author":"Conant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.004","article-title":"Three-dimensional locations and boundaries of motor and premotor cortices as defined by functional brain imaging: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Mayka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib6-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.065","article-title":"Distinct representations of phonemes, syllables, and supra-syllabic sequences in the speech production network","volume":"50","author":"Peeva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1)","key":"bib7-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05444.x","article-title":"The anatomy of language: a review of 100 fMRI studies published in 2009","volume":"1191","author":"Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.069","article-title":"Anatomical and functional parcellation of the human lateral premotor cortex","volume":"50","author":"Schubotz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib9-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.11.002","article-title":"Meta-analyzing left hemisphere language areas: phonology, semantics, and sentence processing","volume":"30","author":"Vigneau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-012-0386-5","article-title":"Analysis of the subcomponents and cortical terminations of the perisylvian superior longitudinal fasciculus: a fiber dissection and DTI tractography study","volume":"218","author":"Martino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01414.x","article-title":"Cortex-sparing fiber dissection: an improved method for the study of white matter anatomy in the human brain","volume":"219","author":"Martino","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 3","key":"bib12-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000297076.98175.67","article-title":"Three-dimensional microsurgical and tractographic anatomy of the white matter of the human brain","volume":"62","author":"Fernandez-Miranda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib13-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22832","article-title":"Towards a functional atlas of human white matter","volume":"36","author":"Sarubbo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"bib14-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200210001-00001","article-title":"The cerebrum","volume":"51","author":"Rhoton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib15-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu113","article-title":"Anatomical predictors of aphasia recovery: a tractography study of bilateral perisylvian language networks","volume":"137","author":"Forkel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib16-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-015-1028-5","article-title":"Subcomponents and connectivity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus in the human brain","volume":"221","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2009.07.008","article-title":"The connectivity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus: a tractography DTI study","volume":"28","author":"Bernal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhk004","article-title":"White matter pathway asymmetry underlies functional lateralization","volume":"17","author":"Barrick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib19-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.05.004","article-title":"A diffusion tensor imaging tractography atlas for virtual in vivo dissections","volume":"44","author":"Catani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib20-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn011","article-title":"DTI tractography of the human brain's language pathways","volume":"18","author":"Glasser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib21-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.07.015","article-title":"Anatomic dissection of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus revisited in the lights of brain stimulation data","volume":"46","author":"Martino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"3 Suppl Operative","key":"bib22-20231017","first-page":"4","article-title":"New insights into the anatomic dissection of the temporal stem with special emphasis on the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus: implications in surgical approach to left mesiotemporal and temporoinsular structures","volume":"66","author":"Martino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6B","key":"bib24-20231017","first-page":"E2","article-title":"The anterior sylvian point and the suprasylvian operculum","volume":"18","author":"Ribas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"1 Suppl Operative","key":"bib25-20231017","first-page":"ons87","article-title":"Fiber dissection and diffusion tensor imaging tractography study of the temporoparietal fiber intersection area","volume":"72","author":"Martino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib26-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.11.JNS141992","article-title":"Subcortical anatomy as an anatomical and functional landmark in insulo-opercular gliomas: implications for surgical approach to the insular region","volume":"123","author":"Martino","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib27-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0232-6","article-title":"Re-operation is a safe and effective therapeutic strategy in recurrent WHO grade II gliomas within eloquent areas","volume":"151","author":"Martino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1541-8","article-title":"Cost-utility of maximal safe resection of WHO grade II gliomas within eloquent areas","volume":"155","author":"Martino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib29-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl359","article-title":"Association fibre pathways of the brain: parallel observations from diffusion spectrum imaging and autoradiography","volume":"130","author":"Schmahmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib30-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh186","article-title":"Segmentation of subcomponents within the superior longitudinal fascicle in humans: a quantitative, in vivo, DT-MRI study","volume":"15","author":"Makris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib31-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucir.2014.07.003","article-title":"Insular-opercular associative tracts: Review of their anatomy and relevance for the trans-opercular approach to the insula","volume":"25","author":"Bucheli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurocirug\u00eda"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib32-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)00990-7","article-title":"Reaching beyond the midline: why are human brains cross wired?","volume":"4","author":"Vulliemoz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib33-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00698.2010","article-title":"In vivo mapping of microstructural somatotopies in the human corticospinal pathways","volume":"105","author":"Verstynen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib35-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.12.001","article-title":"Architectonic mapping of the human brain beyond brodmann","volume":"88","author":"Amunts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib37-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-03-00667.1991","article-title":"The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe","volume":"11","author":"Dum","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"bib38-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2003.10.011","article-title":"Dorsal and ventral streams: a framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language","volume":"92","author":"Hickok","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"bib39-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2003.11.001","article-title":"Towards a new functional anatomy of language","volume":"92","author":"Poeppel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"bib40-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00001","article-title":"The neural architecture of the language comprehension network: converging evidence from lesion and connectivity analyses","volume":"5","author":"Turken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib41-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm042","article-title":"Paul Broca's historic cases: high resolution MR imaging of the brains of Leborgne and Lelong","volume":"130","author":"Dronkers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib42-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.04.029","article-title":"The \u201cfrontal syndrome\u201d revisited: lessons from electrostimulation mapping studies","volume":"48","author":"Duffau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib43-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000298902.69473.77","article-title":"Resection of World Health Organization Grade II gliomas involving Broca's area: methodological and functional considerations","volume":"61","author":"Benzagmout","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib44-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/13554790902729473","article-title":"Speaking without Broca's area after tumor resection","volume":"15","author":"Plaza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib45-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22275","article-title":"Limited plastic potential of the left ventral premotor cortex in speech articulation: evidence from intraoperative awake mapping in glioma patients","volume":"35","author":"van Geemen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib46-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-011-0351-4","article-title":"Complete recovery after surgical resection of left Wernicke's area in awake patient: a brain stimulation and functional MRI study","volume":"35","author":"Sarubbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib47-20231017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(91)90132-S","article-title":"Resection of intrinsic tumors from nondominant face motor cortex using stimulation mapping: report of two cases","volume":"36","author":"LeRoux","year":"1991","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"}],"container-title":["Operative Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01787389-201908000-00009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:51:02Z","timestamp":1786121462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01787389-201908000-00009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ons\/opy331","relation":{},"ISSN":["2332-4252","2332-4260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2332-4252","type":"print"},{"value":"2332-4260","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]]}}}