{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:30:12Z","timestamp":1786123812721,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Operative Surg.","ONSURG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delayed facial palsy (DFP) after resection of vestibular schwannomas (VS) is worsening of facial nerve function after an initially normal postoperative result.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize different types of DFP, compare recovery rates, and review of series of outcomes in patients following resection of VS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2001 and 2017, 434 patients (51% female) with VS underwent resection. We categorized the patients who developed facial palsy into groups based on timing of onset after surgery, immediate facial palsy (IFP), early-onset DFP (within 48 h), and late-onset DFP (after 48 h). Introduction of facial nerve motor-evoked potentials (fMEP) in 2002 and a change of practice utilizing perioperative minocycline in 2005 allowed for historical analysis of these interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean age of study cohort was 49.1 yr (range 13-81 yr), with 19.8% developing facial palsy. The late-onset DFP group demonstrated a significantly faster recovery than the early-onset DFP group (2.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5 vs 47\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08 wk,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001), had prolonged latency to palsy onset after initiating perioperative minocycline (7.3 vs 12.5 d,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.001), and had a nonsignificant trend towards faster recovery from facial palsy with use of minocycline (2.6 vs 3.4 wk,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.11).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the timings, it is likely axonal degeneration is responsible for early-onset DFP, while demyelination and remyelination lead to faster facial nerve recovery in late-onset DFP. Reported anti-apoptotic properties of minocycline could account for the further delay in onset of DFP, and possibly reduce the rate and duration of DFP in the surgical cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opz083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T21:09:26Z","timestamp":1557263366000},"page":"34-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Differential Recovery in Early- and Late-Onset Delayed Facial Palsy Following Vestibular Schwannoma Resection"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Stephano","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Makarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Despot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D","family":"Westerberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryojo","family":"Akagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 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