{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:52:00Z","timestamp":1786125120096,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Operative Surg.","ONSURG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The anatomic features of the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs) and the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICAs) as offending arteries involved in glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) are important to dictate the best surgical approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study and classify the anatomic features of the offending arteries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All clinical data and surgical videos from 18 GPN cases that were surgically treated during the past 10 yr were retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among these 18 patients, the offending arteries involved were the PICA in 12 (66.7%), AICA in 4 (22.2%), and both PICA and AICA in 2 (11.1%). The PICA were then classified into the following groups based on their anatomic features: type I: the PICA formed an upward loop at the level of the glossopharyngeal nerve and passed between the glossopharyngeal and vestibulocochlear nerves; type II: the PICA formed an upward loop at the level of the glossopharyngeal nerve and passed between the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves or between the rootlets of the vagus nerve; and type III: the PICA passed between the glossopharyngeal and vestibulocochlear nerves without forming a loop. The AICA had only one running pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The offending arteries involved in GPN, mainly the PICA and\/or AICA, were classified into 4 different types based on their anatomic features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opz425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T21:27:26Z","timestamp":1579555646000},"page":"E259-E268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Study of the Anatomical Features of the Offending Arteries Involved in Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kohei","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Ohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Masuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6 Suppl operative","key":"bib1-20240909","first-page":"275","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia through the transcondylar fossa (supracondylar transjugular tubercle) approach","volume":"66","author":"Kawashima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib2-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010070005","article-title":"Surgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia as vascular compression syndrome via transcondylar fossa (supracondylar transjugular tubercle) approach","volume":"142","author":"Matsushima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"bib3-20240909","first-page":"1641","article-title":"Microvascular decompression surgery for glossopharyngeal neuralgia [in Japanese]","volume":"24","author":"Matsushima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain Clinic"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.3025","article-title":"MRI of glossopharyngeal neuralgia caused by neurocascular compression","volume":"191","author":"Hiwatashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-013-0479-5","article-title":"3D computer graphics simulation to obtain optimal surgical exposure during microvascular decompression of the glossopharyngeal nerve","volume":"36","author":"Hiraishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"bib6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.148","article-title":"The rhomboid lip: anatomy, pathology","volume":"123","author":"Akiyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"bib7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.72581","article-title":"Adhesion of rhomboid lip to lower cranial nerves as special consideration in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: report of two cases","volume":"1","author":"Funaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.4.JNS121546","article-title":"Importance of awareness of the rhomboid lip in microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm","volume":"119","author":"Nakahara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib9-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510040027002","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal (vagoglossopharyngeal) neuralgia. 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