{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:29:53Z","timestamp":1772155793300,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":83,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mucosal\u2013associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional innate-like T cells abundant in human mucosal tissues and are associated with protective responses to microbial infections. MAIT cells have the capacity for rapid effector functions, including the secretion of cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. In this study, we examined the longitudinal circulating MAIT cell response to the live attenuated oral vaccine Ty21a (Ty21a) against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). We enrolled healthy adults who received a course of oral live-attenuated S. Typhi strain Ty21a vaccine and assessed peripheral blood MAIT cell longitudinal responses pre-vaccination, and at seven days and one-month post-vaccination, using flow cytometry, cell migration, and tetramer decay assays. We showed that following vaccination, circulating MAIT cells were lower in frequency, but were more activated, and had higher levels of gut-homing marker integrin \u03b14\u03b27 and chemokine receptors CCR9 and CCR6, suggesting the potential of MAIT cells to migrate to mucosal sites. We found no significant differences in MAIT cell functionality, cytotoxicity and T-cell receptor avidity, except in TNF expression, which was higher post-vaccination. We show that MAIT cell immune responses are modulated post-vaccination against S. Typhi. This study contributes to our understanding of MAIT cells\u2019 potential role in oral vaccination against bacterial mucosal pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfimm\/iqaf002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T10:53:26Z","timestamp":1743245606000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell responses in\n                    <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n                    serovar Typhi strain Ty21a oral vaccine recipients."],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6891-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubhanshi","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, 84132,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6298-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia J","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, 84132,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4695-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben J","family":"Brintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, 84132,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, 84108,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richelle C","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA, 02114,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, 02115,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA, 02115,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8401-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel T","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, 84132,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, 84132,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025041307272161300_iqaf002-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4866","article-title":"Parallel T-cell cloning and deep sequencing of human MAIT cells reveal stable oligoclonal TCRbeta 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