{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T08:54:25Z","timestamp":1788857665459,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/11.2.93","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]],"date-time":"2017-03-15T22:21:56Z","timestamp":1489616516000},"page":"93-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Perinatal brachial plexus palsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Watt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaret","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Van Aerde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b1-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F185","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.3.F185","article-title":"Congenital brachial palsy: Incidence, causes, and outcome in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland","volume":"88","author":"Evans-Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b2-0011093","first-page":"536","article-title":"Associated factors in 1611 cases of brachial plexus injury","volume":"93","author":"Gilbert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b3-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.127723","article-title":"Neonatal brachial plexus palsy: An unpredictable injury","volume":"187","author":"Donnelly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b4-0011093","volume-title":"Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves","author":"Seddon","year":"1975"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b5-0011093","volume-title":"Nerve Injuries and Their Repair: A Critical Appraisal","author":"Sunderland","year":"1991"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b6-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2004.02.010","article-title":"Intrauterine shoulder weakness and obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"31","author":"Alfonso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b7-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200006000-00003","article-title":"Obstetrical brachial palsy: Pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention","volume":"43","author":"Pollack","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b8-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.2002.0841","article-title":"Obstetric brachial plexus lesions: A study of 74 children registered with the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (March 1998\u2013March 1999)","volume":"28","author":"Bisinella","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b9-0011093","first-page":"784","article-title":"Erb\/Duchenne's palsy: A consequence of fetal macrosomia and method of delivery","volume":"68","author":"McFarland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b10-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349309021133","article-title":"Obstetric shoulder injury. Associated risk factors, prediction and prognosis","volume":"72","author":"Walle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b11-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2002.00156.x","article-title":"Erb's palsy causation: A historical perspective","volume":"29","author":"Sandmire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b12-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00007-0","article-title":"Birth weight as a predictor of brachial plexus injury","volume":"89","author":"Ecker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b13-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70010-3","article-title":"Fractured clavicle and Erb's palsy unrelated to birth trauma","volume":"177","author":"Peleg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b14-0011093","first-page":"526","article-title":"Shoulder dystocia. A complication of fetal macrosomia and prolonged second stage of labor with midpelvic delivery","volume":"52","author":"Benedetti","year":"1978","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b15-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80112-4","article-title":"Obstetrical brachial plexus injury in newborn babies delivered by caesarean section","volume":"21","author":"al-Qattan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b16-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70633-2","article-title":"Brachial plexus injury: An in utero injury?","volume":"180","author":"Gherman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b17-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199611000-00015","article-title":"Obstetric brachial plexus injury in subsequent deliveries","volume":"37","author":"al-Qattan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b18-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540180036030","article-title":"The effectiveness and cost of elective cesarean delivery for fetal macrosomia diagnosed by ultrasound","volume":"276","author":"Rouse","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b19-0011093","first-page":"754","article-title":"Birth trauma. A five-year review of incidence and associated perinatal factors","volume":"41","author":"Perlow","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b20-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70065-1","article-title":"Limited usefulness of fetal weight in predicting neonatal brachial plexus injury","volume":"179","author":"Bryant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b21-0011093","first-page":"CD000938","article-title":"Induction of labor for suspected fetal macrosomia (Cochrane Review)","volume":"2","author":"Irion","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b22-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00149-X","article-title":"Induction of labor versus expectant management in macrosomia: A randomized study","volume":"89","author":"Gonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b23-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70097-4","article-title":"Intensified versus conventional management of gestational diabetes","volume":"170","author":"Langer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b24-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70524-1","article-title":"Elective delivery of infants with macrosomia in diabetic women: Reduced shoulder dystocia versus increased cesarean deliveries","volume":"178","author":"Conway","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b25-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70357-0","article-title":"Brachial plexus palsy: An old problem revisited again. II. Cases in point","volume":"176","author":"Jennett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b26-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)80535-2","article-title":"Dual mechanism responsible for brachial plexus injuries","volume":"176","author":"Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b27-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70413-2","article-title":"Spontaneous vaginal delivery: A risk factor for Erb's palsy?","volume":"178","author":"Gherman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b28-0011093","first-page":"130","article-title":"Ueber eine eigenthumliche localisation von Lahmun gen implexus brachialis","volume":"2","author":"Erb","year":"1874","journal-title":"Verhandlungen des naturhisorischen vereins von Heidelberg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b29-0011093","first-page":"357","volume-title":"De l'\u00e9lectrisation localis\u00e9e et de son application \u00e0 la pathologie et la th\u00e9rapeutique","author":"Duchenne","year":"1872"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b30-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.1999.0351","article-title":"The prognostic value of concurrent Horner's syndrome in total obstetric brachial plexus injury","volume":"25","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b31-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80008-7","article-title":"Klumpke's birth palsy. Does it really exist?","volume":"20","author":"al-Qattan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b32-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(03)00081-0","article-title":"Early parental experiences of obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"28","author":"Bellew","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b33-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00269913","article-title":"The aetiological relationship between congenital torticollis and obstetrical paralysis","volume":"8","author":"Suzuki","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b34-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.48.12.977","article-title":"Diaphragmatic paralysis in the newborn","volume":"48","author":"Anagnostakis","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b35-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80179-4","article-title":"The prognostic value of concurrent phrenic nerve palsy in newborn children with Erb's palsy","volume":"23","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b36-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(94)90246-1","article-title":"The prognostic value of concurrent clavicular fractures in newborns with obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"19","author":"al-Qattan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b37-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9091(00)80006-6","article-title":"Imaging the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves in infants and children","volume":"7","author":"Birchansky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b38-0011093","first-page":"720","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of obstetrical brachial plexus injuries","volume":"20","author":"Abbott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Nerv Syst"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b39-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20108","article-title":"Role of magnetic resonance neurography in brachial plexus lesions","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b40-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.1997.0166","article-title":"Obstetrical brachial palsy","volume":"51","author":"Kay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b41-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1411-3","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of head of humerus presenting as Erbs palsy in a neonate","volume":"163","author":"Solebo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b42-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15401.x","article-title":"Acquired brachial-plexus neuropathy in the neonate: A rare presentation of late-onset group-B streptococcal osteomyelitis","volume":"40","author":"Sadleir","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b43-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30153-2","article-title":"Neurologic birth trauma. Intracranial, spinal cord, and brachial plexus injury","volume":"24","author":"Medlock","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b44-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2001.0722","article-title":"Obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"27","author":"Birch","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b45-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199404000-00001","article-title":"The natural history of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"93","author":"Michelow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b46-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10660.x","article-title":"Cause and effect of obstetric (neonatal) brachial plexus palsy","volume":"77","author":"Sjoberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b47-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.70B4.3403599","article-title":"Obstetric traction injuries of the brachial plexus. Natural history, indications for surgical repair and results","volume":"70","author":"Boome","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b48-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90727-8","article-title":"The immediate and long-term outcome of obstetric birth trauma. I. Brachial plexus paralysis","volume":"117","author":"Gordon","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"Suppl 18","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b49-0011093","first-page":"1","article-title":"Obstetrical lesion of the brachial plexus","volume":"42","author":"Gjorup","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b50-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198411000-00006","article-title":"Brachial plexus birth palsy: A 10-year report on the incidence and prognosis","volume":"4","author":"Greenwald","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b51-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1168","article-title":"Obstetric lesions of the brachial plexus","volume":"24","author":"van Dijk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b52-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738040190020101","article-title":"Outcome following nonoperative treatment of brachial plexus birth injuries","volume":"19","author":"DiTaranto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b53-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200410000-00006","article-title":"Neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Outcome of absent biceps function at three months of age","volume":"86","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b54-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00463.x","article-title":"Natural history of obstetric brachial plexus palsy: A systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Pondaag","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b55-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870080-00013","article-title":"Brachial-plexus palsy in the newborn","volume":"70","author":"Jackson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b56-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00455.x","article-title":"Neurological recovery in obstetric brachial plexus injuries: An historical cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Hoeksma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b57-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200302000-00020","article-title":"Shoulder contracture and osseous deformity in obstetrical brachial plexus injuries","volume":"85","author":"Hoeksma","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b58-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199911000-00012","article-title":"The shoulder in neonatal brachial palsy","volume":"368","author":"Hoffer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b59-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200011000-00016","article-title":"Surgery about the elbow for brachial palsy","volume":"20","author":"Hoffer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b60-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(02)00301-7","article-title":"Tendon transfer to reconstruct wrist extension in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"28","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b61-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200205000-00019","article-title":"Upper extremity limb-length discrepancy in brachial plexus palsy","volume":"22","author":"McDaid","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b62-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf017","article-title":"Restoration of sensory function and lack of long-term chronic pain syndromes after brachial plexus injury in human neonates","volume":"125","author":"Anand","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b63-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(99)00043-1","article-title":"Accidental contact burns of the upper limb in children with obstetric brachial plexus injury","volume":"25","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b64-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.1999.0222","article-title":"Self-mutilation in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"24","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b65-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.24","article-title":"Developmental apraxia arising from neonatal brachial plexus palsy","volume":"55","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b66-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199607)19:7<884::AID-MUS11>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) outcome with conservative management","volume":"19","author":"Eng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b67-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.1999.0331","article-title":"Developmental and behavioural outcome in obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"25","author":"Bellew","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b68-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199905000-00006","article-title":"Comparison of the natural history, the outcome of microsurgical repair, and the outcome of operative reconstruction in brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"81","author":"Waters","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b69-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200012000-00003","article-title":"The outcome of Erb's palsy when the decision to operate is made at 4 months of age","volume":"106","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b70-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203216408","article-title":"Indications and strategy","volume-title":"Brachial Plexus Injuries","author":"Gilbert","year":"2001"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b71-0011093","first-page":"159","article-title":"Examination and prognosis","volume-title":"Brachial Plexus Injuries","author":"Clarke","year":"2001"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b72-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199103000-00005","article-title":"Surgical treatment of brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"264","author":"Gilbert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b73-0011093","first-page":"70","article-title":"Surgical repair of the brachial plexus in obstetric paralysis","volume":"110","author":"Gilbert","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chirurgie"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b74-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965","article-title":"The active movement scale: An evaluative tool for infants with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"27","author":"Curtis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b75-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00264-X","article-title":"An approach to obstetrical brachial plexus injuries","volume":"11","author":"Clarke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b76-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80088-X","article-title":"The role of neurophysiological investigation in traumatic brachial plexus lesions in adults and children","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b77-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(99)00073-9","article-title":"Clinical assessment, MRI, and EMG in congenital brachial plexus palsy","volume":"21","author":"Yilmaz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b78-0011093","first-page":"467","article-title":"Electrodiagnosis","volume-title":"Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves","author":"Smith","year":"1998"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b79-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920160109","article-title":"Obstetric brachial plexus lesions and their neurosurgical treatment","volume":"16","author":"Slooff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b80-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199802)21:2<260::AID-MUS20>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Why is the electromyogram in obstetric brachial plexus lesions overly optimistic?","volume":"21","author":"Van Dijk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b81-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200000281","article-title":"The findings in paediatric obstetric brachial palsy differ from those in older patients: A suggested explanation","volume":"42","author":"Vredeveld","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b82-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20121","article-title":"Motor conduction studies for prognostic assessment of obstetrical plexopathy","volume":"30","author":"Heise","year":"2004","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b83-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(02)00281-4","article-title":"Neurophysiological prediction of outcome in obstetric lesions of the brachial plexus","volume":"28","author":"Bisinella","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b84-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.3.0461","article-title":"Fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging for radiological assessment of neonatal brachial plexus injury","volume":"83","author":"Francel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b85-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200010000-00001","article-title":"Predictive value of computed tomographic myelography in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"106","author":"Chow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b86-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280210142185","article-title":"Orthopaedic sequelae in neurogically recovered obstetrical brachial plexus injury. Case study and literature review","volume":"25","author":"ter Steeg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b87-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00270-5","article-title":"Special rehabilitation considerations in the management of obstetrical brachial plexus injuries","volume":"11","author":"Mulloy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b88-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.112","article-title":"Botulinum toxin treatment of cocontractions after birth-related brachial plexus lesions","volume":"55","author":"Rollnik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b89-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s002380000218","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type a for the treatment of biceps\/triceps co-contraction in obstetrical brachial plexus lesions: Preliminary results after a follow-up of 18 months","volume":"24","author":"Hierner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Plast Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b90-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/13638490151068456","article-title":"The role of botulinum toxin in the neuro-rehabilitation of young patients with brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"4","author":"Desiato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Rehabil"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b91-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9091(00)80010-8","article-title":"Rehabilitation program for children with brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury","volume":"7","author":"Ramos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b92-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(02)00100-1","article-title":"Management of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy evaluation, prognosis, and primary surgical treatment","volume":"30","author":"Marcus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b93-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000068045","article-title":"A systematic review of brachial plexus surgery for birth-related brachial plexus injury","volume":"38","author":"McNeely","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b94-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(91)90100-3","article-title":"Obstetrical brachial plexus lesions","volume":"16","author":"Gilbert","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b95-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30333-3","article-title":"Indications and results of brachial plexus surgery in obstetrical palsy","volume":"19","author":"Gilbert","year":"1988","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b96-0011093","first-page":"98","article-title":"Management of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy \u2013 own experience with the primary operative technique","volume":"35","author":"Antoniadis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b97-0011093","first-page":"710","article-title":"Early microsurgical revision of the brachial plexus in traumatic birth injuries. Patient selection and outcome","volume":"26","author":"Berger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b98-0011093","first-page":"16","article-title":"The diagnostic and treatment characteristics of birth injury to the brachial plexus in children and adolescents","volume":"3","author":"Bersnev","year":"1995","journal-title":"Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b99-0011093","first-page":"400","article-title":"Early microsurgical treatment of upper obstetrical brachial plexus injury","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b100-0011093","first-page":"299","article-title":"Microsurgical treatment of obstetrical palsies: Our experience in 15 years of surgery","volume":"26","author":"Petrolati","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rivista Italiana di Chirurgia Plastica"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b101-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-947147","article-title":"Different methods and results in the treatment of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b102-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(03)00212-8","article-title":"Birth injuries of the brachial plexus","volume":"51","author":"Piatt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b103-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200403000-00012","article-title":"Management of complete obstetric brachial plexus lesions","volume":"24","author":"Haerle","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b104-0011093","first-page":"249","article-title":"Medial rotation contracture and posterior dislocation of the shoulder","volume-title":"Brachial Plexus Injuries","author":"Birch","year":"2001"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b105-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00268-7","article-title":"Palliative surgical procedures to restore shoulder function in obstetric brachial palsy. Critical analysis of Narakas' series","volume":"11","author":"Egloff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b106-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00266-3","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of brachial plexus surgery in obstetrical palsy","volume":"11","author":"Gilbert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b107-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200305000-00018","article-title":"Comparison of arthroscopic findings with magnetic resonance imaging and arthrography in children with glenohumeral deformities secondary to brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"85","author":"Pearl","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b108-0011093","first-page":"211","article-title":"Measuring secondary deformities of the shoulder in children with obstetric brachial plexus lesion: Reliability of three methods","volume":"12","author":"van der Sluijs","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b109-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199807000-00008","article-title":"Closed reduction and tendon transfer for treatment of dislocation of the glenohumeral joint secondary to brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"80","author":"Hoffer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b110-0011093","first-page":"209","article-title":"Birth lesions of the brachial plexus","volume-title":"Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves","author":"Birch","year":"1998"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b111-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.319","article-title":"Obstetric brachial plexus palsy: Increasing disability and exacerbation of symptoms with age","volume":"9","author":"Partridge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b112-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.2002.0831","article-title":"Assessment of the motor power in older children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"28","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b113-0011093","first-page":"235","article-title":"Social and functional results of brachial plexus birth injury","volume":"121","author":"Keret","year":"1991","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b114-0011093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15350.x","article-title":"Obstetric brachial plexus injuries: Assessment protocol and functional outcome at age 5 years","volume":"40","author":"Sundholm","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170405124352_b115-0011093","volume-title":"International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Paediatrics &amp; Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-pdf\/11\/2\/93\/11014995\/pch11093.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T11:53:07Z","timestamp":1658836387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/pch\/11.2.93"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pch\/11.2.93","relation":{},"ISSN":["1205-7088","1918-1485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1205-7088","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}}}