{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:25:38Z","timestamp":1769599538661,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/7.9.623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T20:20:53Z","timestamp":1491510053000},"page":"623-632","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Immunization and children at risk for autism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wendy","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Harford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b1-pch07623","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of autism: Prevalence, associated characteristics and implications for research and service delivery","volume":"000","author":"Bryson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mental Retard Dev Disab Res Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b2-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10513","article-title":"Risk factor model of epistatic interaction, focusing on autism","volume":"114","author":"Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b3-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/6.10.731","article-title":"Environmental contaminants and children's health: Cause for concern, time for action","volume":"6","author":"Chance","year":"2001","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b4-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361397012003","article-title":"Diagnosis in autism. A survey of over 1200 patients in the UK","volume":"1","author":"Howlin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b5-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.88.6.1211","article-title":"Autistic and dysphasic children: Clinical characteristics","volume":"88","author":"Tuchman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b6-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Developmental impairments in 12-month old siblings of children with autism","author":"Zwaigenbaum","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/7.suppl_A.18A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b7-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70027-7","article-title":"Symptoms of pervasive developmental disorders as observed in prediagnostic home videos of infants and toddlers","volume":"132","author":"Mars","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b8-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11096-0","article-title":"Ileal-lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children","volume":"351","author":"Wakefield","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b9-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.e84","article-title":"Conference Writing Panel. Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Report from the New Challenges in Childhood Immunization Conference convened at Oak Brook, Illinois, June 12\u201313, 2000","volume":"107","author":"Halsey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b10-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01495056","article-title":"Brain opioids and autism: An updated analysis of possible linkages","volume":"17","author":"Sahley","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Aut Dev Disord"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b11-pch07623","first-page":"627","article-title":"Biologically active peptide-containing fractions in schizophrenia and childhood autism","volume":"28","author":"Reichelt","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acto Biochem Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b12-pch07623","first-page":"328","article-title":"Role of neuropeptides in autism and their relationships with classical neurotransmitters","volume":"3","author":"Shattock","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Brain Dysf"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b13-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1999.0999","article-title":"Is autism G-alpha protein defect reversible with natural vitamin A?","volume":"54","author":"Megson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Hypoth"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b14-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14220.x","article-title":"Abnormal intestinal permeability in children with autism","volume":"85","author":"D'Eufemia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b15-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890390415","article-title":"Evidence of persistent measles virus infection in Crohn's disease","volume":"39","author":"Wakefield","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b16-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199807)55:3<243::AID-JMV11>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Absence of detectable measles virus genome sequence in inflammatory bowel disease and peripheral blood lymphocytes","volume":"55","author":"Afzal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b17-pch07623","first-page":"299","article-title":"Detection of measles virus mRNA from autopsied human tissues","volume":"36","author":"Katayama","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Can Microbiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b18-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200205001-00004","article-title":"The gut-brain axis in childhood developmental disorders","volume":"34","author":"Wakefield","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Ped Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b19-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70052-1","article-title":"Gastrointestinal abnormalities in children with autistic disorder","volume":"135","author":"Horvath","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b20-pch07623","volume-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorders. (In press).","author":"Kagan-Kushnir"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b21-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7334.393","article-title":"Measles, mumps and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: Population study","volume":"324","author":"Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b22-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27186.x","article-title":"Immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy in autistic children","volume":"540","author":"Singh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annals NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b23-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172828","article-title":"Dysregulated immune system in children with autism: Beneficial effects of intravenous immune globulin on autistic characteristics","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Aut Dev Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b24-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389901400608","article-title":"Familial clustering of autoimmune disorders and evaluation of medical risk factors in autism","volume":"14","author":"Comi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b25-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91069-X","article-title":"Risk of aseptic meningitis after measles, mumps and rubella vaccine in UK children","volume":"341","author":"Miller","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b26-pch07623","first-page":"409","article-title":"Rubella vaccine","volume-title":"Vaccines","author":"Plotkin","year":"1999","edition":"3rd edn"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b27-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/6.6.387","article-title":"Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autistic spectrum disorder: A hypothesis only","volume":"6","author":"Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b28-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01239-8","article-title":"Autism and measles, mumps and rubella vaccine: No epidemiological evidence for a causal association","volume":"353","author":"Taylor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b29-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7284.460","article-title":"Mumps, measles and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners: A time trend analysis","volume":"322","author":"Kaye","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b30-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.4.e58","article-title":"No Evidence for a new variant of measles-mumps-rubella-induced autism","volume":"108","author":"Fombonne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b31-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.9.1183","article-title":"Time trends in autism and in MMR immunization coverage in California","volume":"285","author":"Dales","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b32-pch07623","first-page":"423","article-title":"MMR and autism","volume":"2","author":"Gillberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Aut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b33-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)24018-9","article-title":"No evidence of measles, mumps and rubella vaccine associated inflammatory bowel disease or autism in a fourteen year prospective study","volume":"351","author":"Peltola","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b34-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91044-5","article-title":"Frequency of true adverse reactions to MMR vaccine. A double blind placebo controlled trial in twins","volume":"i","author":"Peltola","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b35-pch07623","unstructured":"The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the NIH and the National Immunization Program at the CDC reports. <www.nichd.nih.gov>. (Version current at October 25, 2002)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b36-pch07623","unstructured":"Health Canada Government of Canada. Report of Wild Measles Infection <www.hc-sc.gc.ca> (Version current at October 25, 2002)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b37-pch07623","unstructured":"Health Canada, Government of Canada. Notifable Diseases Summary. <www.hc-sc.gc.ca>. (Version current at October 25, 2002)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b38-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.24.3145","article-title":"Individual and community risks of measles and pertussis associated with personal exemptions to immunization","volume":"284","author":"Feikin","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b39-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.e71","article-title":"Repeated doses of porcine secretin in the treatment of autism: A randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"107","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b40-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1281","article-title":"Autism: A novel form of mercury poisoning","volume":"56","author":"Bernard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b41-pch07623","first-page":"69","article-title":"Exposure to thimerosal in vaccines used in Canadian infant immunization programs with respect to risk of neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"28","author":"Health Canada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b42-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.411","article-title":"Is there an epidemic of autism?","volume":"107","author":"Fombonne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b43-pch07623","first-page":"205","article-title":"Methylmercury exposure: Fishing for answers","volume":"165","author":"Weir","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b44-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.1147","article-title":"An assessment of thimerosal use in childhood vaccines","volume":"107","author":"Ball","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b45-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00324789","article-title":"The comparative toxicology of ethyl and methyl mercury","volume":"57","author":"Magos","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b46-pch07623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.8.701","article-title":"Effective prenatal and postnatal methyl mercury exposure from fish consumption on neurodevelopment: Outcomes at 66 months of age in the Seychelles child development study","volume":"280","author":"Davidson","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b47-pch07623","first-page":"417","article-title":"Cognitive deficit in seven year old children with prenatal exposure to methyl mercury, neurotoxicol teratol","volume":"6","author":"Grandjean","year":"1997"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b48-pch07623","unstructured":"Institute Of Medicine Report. <www.iom.edu\/imsafety>. (Version current at October 25, 2002)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b49-pch07623","volume-title":"Disordered Metal Metabolism in a Large Autism Population","author":"Walsh","year":"2001"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b50-pch07623","unstructured":"Holmes A Cave S El-Dahr JM Open trial of chelation with mes0-2,3-dimercapto succinic acid (Dmsa) and lipoic acid (LA) in children with autism. International Meeting for Autism Research (IMFAR) <www.imfar.org>. (Version current at October 25, 2002)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170406105209_b51-pch07623","article-title":"Chelation therapy neither safe nor effective as autism treatment","volume":"63","author":"Shannon","year":"2001","journal-title":"AAP News"}],"container-title":["Paediatrics &amp; Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-pdf\/7\/9\/623\/11193644\/pch07623.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T08:09:03Z","timestamp":1658909343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/pch\/7.9.623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pch\/7.9.623","relation":{},"ISSN":["1205-7088","1918-1485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1205-7088","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}}}