{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:41:57Z","timestamp":1789501317585,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program"},{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Health Research Institute"},{"name":"Research Capacity Building Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unintentional falls from windows and balconies pose a serious health risk to children. Limited Canadian data describing such falls currently exist. This study aimed to describe the frequency, demographic characteristics, injury patterns, and risk factors associated with paediatric falls from windows and balconies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study employed both prospective data collection and retrospective medical record review. Prospectively, consenting families were enrolled from February 2015 to February 2017; retrospectively, charts from January 2009 to December 2014 were reviewed. Children 0 to 16 years of age, who presented to the Stollery Children\u2019s Hospital (Edmonton, Alberta) emergency department due to a fall from a window or balcony, were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 102 children were included; thirty were enrolled prospectively and 72 retrospectively. Median age was 4.5 years (interquartile range 2.83 to 6.83) with 63.7% (65 of 102) males. About 87.2% (89 of 102) of falls were from windows and 12.8% (13 of 102) from balconies. The median estimated height of fall was 4.1 m (interquartile range 3.04 to 4.73). About 58.4% (59 of 101) had at least one major injury (i.e., concussion, fractured skull, internal injury, fractured limb, severe laceration), 36.6% had minor injuries only (i.e., abrasions, contusions, sprains), and 5.0% had no documented injuries. There were no fatalities. About 30.4% (31 of 102) were admitted, with 48.4% of these children (15 of 31) requiring surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most falls from windows and balconies occurred in children under the age of 5 years and were associated with serious morbidity, high admission rates, and need for surgery. Child supervision as well as installation of key safety features in windows may help minimize paediatric fall-related injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxaa090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T04:37:39Z","timestamp":1597898259000},"page":"e222-e228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Paediatric injuries due to falls from windows and balconies: an 8-year prospective and retrospective review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Manasi","family":"Rajagopal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manu","family":"Kundra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelam","family":"Mabood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0595-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samina","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta"},{"name":"Women & Children\u2019s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stollery Children\u2019s Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4804-194X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta"},{"name":"Women & Children\u2019s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0001","volume-title":"National Action Plan for Child Injury Prevention","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC)","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2013.12.002","article-title":"Pediatric falls from windows: A health policy model for prevention","volume":"28","author":"Koppolu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Health Care"},{"key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S254","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31826b017c","article-title":"Falls in children birth to 5 years: different mechanisms lead to different injuries","volume":"73","author":"Pomerantz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.1188","article-title":"Falls from heights: Windows, roofs, and balconies","volume":"107","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2687","article-title":"Pediatric injuries attributable to falls from windows in the United States in 1990\u20132008","volume":"128","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2005.008664","article-title":"Pediatric window falls: Not just a problem for children in high rises","volume":"11","author":"Vish","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.67.12.1143","article-title":"Children can\u2019t fly: A program to prevent childhood morbidity and mortality from window falls","volume":"67","author":"Spiegel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0008","volume-title":"Children Can\u2019t Fly campaign, New York United States of America","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-011-0172-8","article-title":"Etiologic factors in falls from height in pediatric cases","volume":"38","author":"Kocak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2004.007724","article-title":"Child and adolescent injury as a result of falls from buildings and structures","volume":"11","author":"Pressley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0011","author":"Hunter","year":"2011"},{"key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0012","article-title":"Alberta surpasses B.C. as immigration destination","volume-title":"Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)","author":"Fletcher"},{"key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0013","article-title":"As Canada ages, immigration expected to keep Alberta\u2019s workforce strong for decades","volume-title":"Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)","author":"Fletcher"},{"key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0014","author":"Public Health Agency of Canada"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-017-0156-z","article-title":"Pediatric falls from windows and balconies: Incidents and risk factors as reported by newspapers in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"12(1)","author":"Grivna","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02350960","article-title":"Childhood injuries and deaths due to falls from windows","volume":"77","author":"Stone","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.47.5.886","article-title":"Falls as childhood accidents: An increasing urban risk","volume":"47","author":"Sieben","year":"1971","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0019","first-page":"121","article-title":"Falls from heights: A problem not just in the northeast","volume":"92","author":"Lehman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"CDC Childhood Injury Report: patterns of unintentional injuries among 0\u201319 year olds in the United States, 2000\u20132006","author":"Borse","DOI":"10.1097\/01.FCH.0000347986.44810.59"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.9.4.349","article-title":"Childhood injuries due to falls from apartment balconies and windows","volume":"9","author":"Istre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"2021072819095099200_CIT0022","article-title":"To prevent children from falling out of windows, city advocating to change National Building Code","volume-title":"Calgary Herald","author":"Smith"}],"container-title":["Paediatrics &amp; Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-pdf\/26\/5\/e222\/39374489\/pxaa090.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-pdf\/26\/5\/e222\/39374489\/pxaa090.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T23:39:11Z","timestamp":1667950751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article\/26\/5\/e222\/5894649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pch\/pxaa090","relation":{},"ISSN":["1205-7088","1918-1485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1205-7088","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]}}}