{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:46:53Z","timestamp":1792460813834,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) plays a pivotal role in the management of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) because it improves survival and reduces respiratory morbidities. With the increasing use of noninvasive ventilation as the primary mode of respiratory support for preterm infants at delivery, prophylactic surfactant is no longer beneficial. For infants with worsening RDS, early rescue surfactant should be provided. While the strategy to intubate, give surfactant, and extubate (INSURE) has been widely accepted in clinical practice, newer methods of noninvasive surfactant administration, using thin catheter, laryngeal mask airway, or nebulization, are being adopted or investigated. Use of SRT as an adjunct for conditions other than RDS, such as meconium aspiration syndrome, may be effective based on limited evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxaa116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T18:49:31Z","timestamp":1612291771000},"page":"35-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Guidelines for surfactant replacement therapy in neonates"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eugene H","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Paediatric Society, Fetus and Newborn Committee, Ottawa, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibhuti","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Paediatric Society, Fetus and Newborn Committee, Ottawa, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0001","first-page":"CD001079","article-title":"Prophylactic protein free synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants","author":"Soll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000244444","article-title":"Surfactant therapy in the USA: Trials and current routines","volume":"71 Suppl 1","author":"Soll","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0003","first-page":"CD001149","article-title":"Synthetic surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants","author":"Soll","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0004","first-page":"CD000144","article-title":"Animal derived surfactant extract versus protein free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Ardell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0005","first-page":"CD006180","article-title":"Protein-containing synthetic surfactant versus protein-free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome","author":"Pfister","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0006","first-page":"CD007836","article-title":"Animal derived surfactant extract for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome","author":"Seger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0007","first-page":"CD010249","article-title":"Comparison of animal-derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0008","first-page":"CD001456","article-title":"Early versus delayed selective surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Bahadue","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0009","first-page":"CD000510","article-title":"Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant in preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants","author":"Rojas-Reyes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3443","article-title":"Surfactant replacement therapy for preterm and term neonates with respiratory distress","volume":"133","author":"Polin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.6.1094","article-title":"Longitudinal, 15-year follow-up of children born at less than 29 weeks\u2019 gestation after introduction of surfactant therapy into a region: Neurologic, cognitive, and educational outcomes","volume":"110","author":"D\u2019Angio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0012","first-page":"23","article-title":"Functional assessment of a multicenter very low-birth-weight cohort at age 5 years. Newborn Lung Project","volume":"154","author":"Palta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0013","first-page":"348","article-title":"Developing clinical guidelines","volume":"170","author":"Shekelle","year":"1999","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0620H","article-title":"Summary proceedings from the apnea-of-prematurity group","volume":"117","author":"Finer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050620","article-title":"Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment reduces the need for intubation in very low birth weight infants","volume":"156","author":"Gittermann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2017.98","article-title":"Surfactant utilization and short-term outcomes in an era of non-invasive respiratory support in Canadian neonatal intensive care units","volume":"37","author":"Raghuram","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1069","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3848","article-title":"Randomized trial comparing 3 approaches to the initial respiratory management of preterm neonates","volume":"128","author":"Dunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"21","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911781","article-title":"Target ranges of oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants","volume":"362","author":"Carlo","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.87.3.377","article-title":"Bovine surfactant replacement therapy in neonates of less than 30 weeks\u2019 gestation: A randomized controlled trial of prophylaxis versus treatment","volume":"87","author":"Dunn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2001.00624.x","article-title":"Nasal continuous positive airway pressure and outcomes of preterm infants","volume":"37","author":"De Klerk","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20153985","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3985","article-title":"Incidence and outcome of CPAP failure in preterm infants","volume":"138","author":"Dargaville","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E24","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.2.e24","article-title":"Nasal continuous positive airway pressure and early surfactant therapy for respiratory distress syndrome in newborns of less than 30 weeks\u2019 gestation","volume":"103","author":"Verder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0023","first-page":"CD003063","article-title":"Early surfactant administration with brief ventilation vs. selective surfactant and continued mechanical ventilation for preterm infants with or at risk for respiratory distress syndrome","author":"Stevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072788","article-title":"Nasal CPAP or intubation at birth for very preterm infants","volume":"358","author":"Morley","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0510","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation with vs without early surfactant to prevent chronic lung disease in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"Isayama","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-155","article-title":"Predictors for an unsuccessful INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation procedure: A cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Brix","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2016.02.011","article-title":"Ancillary therapies to enhance success of non-invasive modes of respiratory support - Approaches to delivery room use of surfactant and caffeine?","volume":"21","author":"Kribs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0028","first-page":"Doc No 28","article-title":"Early or selective surfactant (colfosceril palmitate, Exosurf) for intubated babies at 26 to 29 weeks gestation. A European double-blind trial with sequential analysis. European Exosurf Study Group","year":"1992","journal-title":"Online J Curr Clin Trials"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1440-1","article-title":"Early versus delayed surfactant administration in extremely premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome ventilated by high-frequency oscillatory ventilation","volume":"28","author":"Plavka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000346460","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure failure in preterm infants: Incidence, predictors and consequences","volume":"104","author":"Dargaville","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F343","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.205898","article-title":"Predictors of early nasal CPAP failure and effects of various intubation criteria on the rate of mechanical ventilation in preterm infants of &lt;29 weeks gestational age","volume":"96","author":"Fuchs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3501","article-title":"Very early surfactant without mandatory ventilation in premature infants treated with early continuous positive airway pressure: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Rojas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1999.00414.x","article-title":"Safety of synthetic surfactant use before preterm newborn transport","volume":"35","author":"Mildenhall","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.203","article-title":"Evolution of surfactant therapy for respiratory distress syndrome: Past, present, and future","volume":"81","author":"Sardesai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0175922","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175922","article-title":"Poractant alfa versus bovine lipid extract surfactant for infants 24 + 0 to 31 + 6 weeks gestational age: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Lemyre","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.2.282","article-title":"High-versus low-threshold surfactant retreatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Kattwinkel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-823779","article-title":"A randomized, multicenter masked comparison trial of poractant alfa (Curosurf) versus beractant (Survanta) in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants","volume":"21","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1159\/000458466","article-title":"Surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome: New ideas on a familiar drug with innovative applications","volume":"111","author":"Niemarkt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.1148","article-title":"Minimally invasive surfactant administration in preterm infants: A meta-narrative review","volume":"168","author":"More","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.02126.x","article-title":"Early administration of surfactant in spontaneous breathing with nCPAP: Feasibility and outcome in extremely premature infants (postmenstrual age &lt;\/=27 weeks)","volume":"17","author":"Kribs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"31","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0041","first-page":"2136","article-title":"Surfactant treatment of newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome primarily treated with nasal continuous positive air pressure. A pilot study","volume":"154","author":"Verder","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F17","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-310299","article-title":"Less invasive surfactant administration versus intubation for surfactant delivery in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Aldana-Aguirre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.10708","article-title":"Association of noninvasive ventilation strategies with mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia among preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"316","author":"Isayama","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F243","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.192518","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of a new technique of minimally invasive surfactant therapy","volume":"96","author":"Dargaville","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F122","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301314","article-title":"Minimally-invasive surfactant therapy in preterm infants on continuous positive airway pressure","volume":"98","author":"Dargaville","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-213","article-title":"The OPTIMIST-A trial: Evaluation of minimally-invasive surfactant therapy in preterm infants 25-28 weeks gestation","volume":"14","author":"Dargaville","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2016.07.010","article-title":"Minimally invasive surfactant therapy and noninvasive respiratory support","volume":"43","author":"Kribs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxx033","article-title":"Efficacy of minimally invasive surfactant therapy in moderate and late preterm infants: A multicentre randomized control trial","volume":"22","author":"Olivier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxy162","article-title":"High-volume surfactant administration using a minimally invasive technique: Experience from a Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit","volume":"24","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0050","first-page":"209","article-title":"Surfactant inadvertent loss using feeding catheters or endotracheal tubes","volume":"31","author":"De Luca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13412","article-title":"Loss of Surfacten\u00ae during bolus administration with a feeding catheter","volume":"59","author":"Fujioka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1651276","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of preterm infants treated with less invasive surfactant technique (LISA)","author":"M\u00e1rquez Isidro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0053","first-page":"CD008309","article-title":"Laryngeal mask airway surfactant administration for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome","author":"Abdel-Latif","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0054","first-page":"201","article-title":"Administration of rescue surfactant by laryngeal mask airway: Lessons from a pilot trial","volume":"30","author":"Attridge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.01173.x","article-title":"The laryngeal mask airway for administration of surfactant in two neonates with respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Brimacombe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.177","article-title":"Randomized trial of laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal intubation for surfactant delivery","volume":"36","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e160","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.137875","article-title":"A comparison of surfactant administration through I-Gel and ET-tube in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns weighing more than 2000 grams","volume":"3","author":"Sadeghnia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1248938","article-title":"Catheter and laryngeal mask endotracheal surfactant therapy: The CALMEST approach as a novel MIST technique","volume":"30","author":"Vannozzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"6578","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6578.991","article-title":"Ten Centre trial of artificial surfactant (artificial lung expanding compound) in very premature babies","volume":"294","author":"Ten Centre Study Group","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00084.x","article-title":"Pilot study of nebulized surfactant therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Berggren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199709)24:3<222::AID-PPUL9>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Surfactant aerosol treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in spontaneously breathing premature infants","volume":"24","author":"Jorch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2009.0758","article-title":"An open label, pilot study of Aerosurf\u00ae combined with nCPAP to prevent RDS in preterm neonates","volume":"23","author":"Finer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318175dcfa","article-title":"Development of the premature infant nose throat-model (PrINT-Model): An upper airway replica of a premature neonate for the study of aerosol delivery","volume":"64","author":"Minocchieri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F313","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315051","article-title":"Nebulised surfactant to reduce severity of respiratory distress: A blinded, parallel, randomised controlled trial","volume":"104","author":"Minocchieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0065","first-page":"CD003486","article-title":"Lung lavage for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants","author":"Hahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0066","first-page":"CD002054","article-title":"Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in term and late preterm infants","author":"El Shahed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0067","first-page":"CD008155","article-title":"Surfactant for bacterial pneumonia in late preterm and term infants","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0068","first-page":"CD005254","article-title":"Surfactant for pulmonary haemorrhage in neonates","author":"Aziz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-003-1276-x","article-title":"Surfactant therapy in neonates with respiratory failure due to haemorrhagic pulmonary oedema","volume":"162","author":"Amizuka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.95.1.32","article-title":"Surfactant therapy in neonates with respiratory deterioration due to pulmonary hemorrhage","volume":"95","author":"Pandit","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80963-1","article-title":"Pulmonary hemorrhage and exogenous surfactant therapy: A metaanalysis","volume":"123","author":"Raju","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020205553632700_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1159\/000499361","article-title":"European consensus guidelines on the management of respiratory distress syndrome - 2019 update","volume":"115","author":"Sweet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neonatology"}],"container-title":["Paediatrics &amp; Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-pdf\/26\/1\/35\/36169382\/pxaa116.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-pdf\/26\/1\/35\/36169382\/pxaa116.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T07:42:16Z","timestamp":1671003736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article\/26\/1\/35\/6125698"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pch\/pxaa116","relation":{},"ISSN":["1205-7088","1918-1485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1205-7088","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}}}