{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T13:28:00Z","timestamp":1776950880466,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Paediatric vision screening programs identify children with ocular abnormalities who would benefit from treatment by an eye care professional. A questionnaire was conducted to assess existence and uptake of school-based vision screening programs across Canada. A supplementary questionnaire was distributed among Ontario\u2019s public health units to determine implementation of government mandated vision screening for senior kindergarten children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chief Medical Officers of Health for each province and territory, and Ontario\u2019s thirty-four public health units were sent a questionnaire to determine: 1) whether school-based vision screening is being implemented; 2) what age groups are screened; 3) personnel used for vision screening; 4) the type of training provided for vision screening personnel; and 5) vision screening tests performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the thirteen provinces\/territories in Canada, six perform some form of school-based vision screening. Two provinces rely solely on non-school-based programs offering eligible children an eye examination by an optometrist and three rely on ocular assessment conducted by a nurse at well-child visits. In Ontario, where since 2018 vision screening for all senior kindergarten students is government mandated, only seventeen public health jurisdictions are implementing universal vision screening programs using a variety of personnel ranging from food safety workers to optometrists.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Good vision is key to physical and emotional development. There is an urgent need for a universal, evidence-based and cost-effective multidisciplinary approach to standardize paediatric vision screening across Canada and break down barriers preventing children from accessing eye care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxab036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T18:17:09Z","timestamp":1633112229000},"page":"486-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["National survey of paediatric vision screening programs across Canada: Identifying major gaps and call to action"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yasmin","family":"Jindani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Paediatric Eye Research Group (McPERG), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dallas","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Paediatric Eye Research Group (McPERG), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Paediatric Eye Research Group (McPERG), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7565-287X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kourosh","family":"Sabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Paediatric Eye Research Group (McPERG), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021122716252995200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000599","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2020-000599","article-title":"Amblyopia screening effectiveness at 3-4 years old: A cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2021122716252995200_CIT0002","volume-title":"Report on the National Eye Institute\u2019s Visual Acuity Impairment Survey Pilot Study","author":"Ederer","year":"1984"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021122716252995200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.9900","article-title":"Vision screening in children aged 6 months to 5 years: Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"318","author":"Jonas","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021122716252995200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.113670","article-title":"Risk of bilateral visual impairment in individuals with amblyopia: The Rotterdam study","volume":"91","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021122716252995200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.65.8.575","article-title":"Incidence of loss of vision in the healthy eye in amblyopia","volume":"65","author":"Tommila","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021122716252995200_CIT0006","article-title":"Fellow eye status in monocular patients in an academic optometry and ophthalmology practice | IOVS |","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ARVO Journals. 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