{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:28:11Z","timestamp":1792124891117,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates. Blood cultures are the gold standard in diagnosing neonatal sepsis; however, there are currently no consensus guidelines for blood culture collection in neonates and significant practice variation exists in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) globally.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine current practices in obtaining blood cultures in the evaluation of neonatal sepsis in NICUs across Canada.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A nine-item electronic survey was sent to each of the 29 level-3 NICUs in Canada, which are equipped to provide highly specialized care for newborns.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Responses were received from 90% (26\/29) of sites. Sixty-five percent (17\/26) of sites have blood culture collection guidelines for the investigation of neonatal sepsis. Forty-eight percent (12\/25) of sites routinely target 1.0 mL per culture bottle. In late-onset sepsis (LOS), 58% (15\/26) of sites process one aerobic culture bottle, whereas four sites routinely add anaerobic culture bottles. In early-onset sepsis (EOS) in very low birth weight infants (BW &amp;lt;1.5 kg), 73% (19\/26) of sites use umbilical cord blood, and 72% (18\/25) use peripheral venipuncture. Two sites routinely collect cord blood for culture in EOS. Only one site applies the concept of differential time-to-positivity to diagnose central-line-associated bloodstream infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is significant practice variation in methods used to obtain blood cultures in level-3 NICUs across Canada. Standardization of blood culture collection practices can provide reliable estimates of the true incidence of neonatal sepsis and help to develop appropriate antimicrobial stewardship strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxac112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T06:41:44Z","timestamp":1678862504000},"page":"166-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Blood culture collection practices in NICU; A national survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3296-5694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Hajjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Queen\u2019s University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Y","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakesh S","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyong-Soon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn A","family":"Srigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiza","family":"Khurshid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Queen\u2019s University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2023051607214160500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30063-8","article-title":"The global burden of paediatric and neonatal sepsis: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Fleischmann-Struzek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023051607214160500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3078","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003078","article-title":"Infectious complications and morbidities after neonatal bloodstream infections: An observational cohort study","volume":"95","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"issue":"10104","key":"2023051607214160500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31002-4","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis","volume":"390","author":"Shane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023051607214160500_CIT0004","author":"Canadian Neonatal Network.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023051607214160500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.10.006","article-title":"The correct blood volume for paediatric blood cultures: A conundrum?","volume":"26","author":"Huber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023051607214160500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-318080","article-title":"The practice of blood volume submitted for culture in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"105","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023051607214160500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F25","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.87.1.F25","article-title":"Blood cultures in newborns and children: Optimising an everyday test","volume":"87","author":"Buttery","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2023051607214160500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00697","article-title":"How to optimize the use of blood cultures for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections? 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