{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:21:49Z","timestamp":1790835709195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In Canada, decisions about when a child can be left home alone are guided more by legal ambiguity and social norms than by developmental evidence. Most provinces rely on the concept of \u2018reasonable supervision\u2019, leaving families to navigate this question with limited guidance. However, the neurocognitive abilities required for safe independence\u2014executive function, emotional regulation, and risk assessment\u2014continue to mature through late childhood into adolescence and are not yet fully reliable in younger children, particularly under stress or in emergency situations. This article examines the paediatric neuroscience of leaving a child home alone, highlighting gaps between legal requirements, societal expectations, and what we know about brain development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxag059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:54:54Z","timestamp":1783698894000},"page":"570-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Home alone: aligning childhood supervision guidelines with child neurodevelopment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8583-457X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Codie C","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Southern California & LAGMC , Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurology, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia Department of Pediatrics, , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091612570064200_pxag059-B1","volume-title":"Leaving Children Unsupervised: Legal Requirements Across Canada","author":"Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091612570064200_pxag059-B2","article-title":"Children and adolescents and digital media","volume":"138","author":"Chassiakos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026091612570064200_pxag059-B3","author":"Government of Ontario"},{"key":"2026091612570064200_pxag059-B4","author":"Canada Safety Council"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091612570064200_pxag059-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2007.08.002","article-title":"A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking","volume":"28","author":"Steinberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091612570064200_pxag059-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.03.015","article-title":"Biological substrates of emotional reactivity and regulation in adolescence","volume":"63","author":"Hare","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026091612570064200_pxag059-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8174","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402680101","article-title":"Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood","volume":"101","author":"Gogtay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091612570064200_pxag059-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1","article-title":"The age of adolescence","volume":"2","author":"Sawyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091612570064200_pxag059-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2.2.109","article-title":"Can child fatalities in house fires be prevented?","volume":"2","author":"Squires","year":"1996","journal-title":"Inj Prev"}],"container-title":["Paediatrics &amp; Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-pdf\/31\/6\/570\/68755631\/pxag059.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-pdf\/31\/6\/570\/68755631\/pxag059.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:57:10Z","timestamp":1789577830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article\/31\/6\/570\/8732036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pch\/pxag059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1205-7088","1918-1485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1205-7088","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]}}}