{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:47:32Z","timestamp":1785768452690,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxx161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T01:24:17Z","timestamp":1531963457000},"page":"322-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Imaging the term neonatal brain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"S Todd","family":"Sorokan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Paediatric Society, Fetus and Newborn Committee, Ottawa, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann L","family":"Jefferies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Paediatric Society, Fetus and Newborn Committee, Ottawa, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Paediatric Society, Fetus and Newborn Committee, Ottawa, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23647","article-title":"Neonatal encephalopathy: An inadequate term for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"72","author":"Volpe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1726","article-title":"Practice parameter: Neuroimaging of the neonate: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"58","author":"Ment","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0201-7","article-title":"Imaging of the brain in full-term neonates: Does sonography still play a role","volume":"36","author":"Daneman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.10.002","article-title":"Cranial ultrasonography in neonates: Role and limitations","volume":"34","author":"van Wezel-Meijler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0283","article-title":"Comparison of computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans on the third day of life in term newborns with neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"123","author":"Chau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1508","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-4247","article-title":"Neuroimaging in the evaluation of neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"133","author":"Barnette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2013.06.011","article-title":"CT of the neonatal head","volume":"68","author":"Mohan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"7328","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7328.35","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"324","author":"Berger","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.10.001","article-title":"Basic principles and concepts underlying recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging of the developing brain","volume":"34","author":"Panigrahy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.782","article-title":"The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system\u2014A technical review","volume":"15","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2002","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0011","first-page":"8","article-title":"Techniques and methods in pediatric neuroimaging","volume-title":"Pediatric Neuroimaging","author":"Hess","year":"2000","edition":"4th edn"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10205","article-title":"Serial quantitative diffusion tensor MRI of the premature brain: Development in newborns with and without injury","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0013","first-page":"1445","article-title":"Diffusion-tensor MR imaging of gray and white matter development during normal human brain maturation","volume":"23","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"25","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5988","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4983-04.2005","article-title":"Developmental changes in diffusion anisotropy coincide with immature oligodendrocyte progression and maturation of compound action potential","volume":"25","author":"Drobyshevsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0015","first-page":"1572","article-title":"Visualization of nonstructural changes in early white matter development on diffusion-weighted MR images: Evidence supporting premyelination anisotropy","volume":"22","author":"Prayer","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10304","article-title":"Brain metabolite composition during early human brain development as measured by quantitative in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"48","author":"Kreis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"5680","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1096485","article-title":"Neural activity triggers neuronal oxidative metabolism followed by astrocytic glycolysis","volume":"305","author":"Kasischke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1297","article-title":"Prognostic tests in term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: A systematic review","volume":"131","author":"van Laerhoven","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2312030166","article-title":"MR imaging of newborns by using an MR-compatible incubator with integrated radiofrequency coils: Initial experience","volume":"231","author":"Bl\u00fcml","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.303095126","article-title":"MR imaging for diagnostic evaluation of encephalopathy in the newborn","volume":"30","author":"Shroff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0021","first-page":"1325","article-title":"How much of neonatal encephalopathy is due to birth asphyxia","volume":"145","author":"Nelson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"19","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041996","article-title":"Neonatal brain injury","volume":"351","author":"Ferriero","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0023","first-page":"314","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Clinical aspects","volume-title":"Neurology of the Newborn","author":"Volpe","year":"2008"},{"issue":"9359","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12658-X","article-title":"Origin and timing of brain lesions in term infants with neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"361","author":"Cowan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2008.05.001","article-title":"A review of developmental outcomes of term infants with post-asphyxia neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Pin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1321","article-title":"Imaging findings in neonatal hypoxia: A practical review","volume":"192","author":"Heinz","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0027","article-title":"The asphyxiated term infant","volume-title":"Rutherford MA (ed.) MRI of the Neonatal Brain","author":"Rutherford"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0028","first-page":"533","article-title":"MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging of sequential studies in neonates with encephalopathy","volume":"27","author":"Barkovich","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1203","article-title":"Neonatal watershed brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging correlates with verbal IQ at 4 years","volume":"123","author":"Steinman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.12.026","article-title":"Patterns of brain injury in term neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"146","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.2.323","article-title":"Abnormal magnetic resonance signal in the internal capsule predicts poor neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"102","author":"Rutherford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0770","article-title":"Patterns of brain injury in neonates exposed to perinatal sentinel events","volume":"121","author":"Okereafor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3423","article-title":"Brain injury patterns in hypoglycemia in neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"34","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2174\/157339631001140408120336","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in the encephalopathic term newborn","volume":"10","author":"Chau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0222","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in term perinatal brain injury: A comparison with site of lesion and time from birth","volume":"114","author":"Rutherford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e382","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1046","article-title":"Cerebral magnetic resonance biomarkers in neonatal encephalopathy: A meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Thayyil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.69","article-title":"Evolution of pattern of injury and quantitative MRI on days 1 and 3 in term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"74","author":"Gano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.09.012","article-title":"Advanced neuroimaging techniques for the term newborn with encephalopathy","volume":"40","author":"Chau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1620-z","article-title":"MRI of perinatal brain injury","volume":"40","author":"Rutherford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.08.013","article-title":"Outcomes after central grey matter injury in term perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy","volume":"86","author":"Martinez-Biarge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"24","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821f442d","article-title":"Predicting motor outcome and death in term hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"76","author":"Martinez-Biarge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.02.003","article-title":"Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"163","author":"Perez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F398","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301524","article-title":"Brain injury following trial of hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy","volume":"97","author":"Shankaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F36","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.184291","article-title":"Early versus late MRI in asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia","volume":"96","author":"Wintermark","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70295-9","article-title":"Assessment of brain tissue injury after moderate hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: A nested substudy of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Rutherford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.284","article-title":"Prognostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Substudy of a randomized trial","volume":"166","author":"Cheong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1634-6","article-title":"Neonatal encephalopathy: A prospective comparison of head US and MRI","volume":"40","author":"Epelman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.82.2.139","article-title":"Brain swelling in the asphyxiated term newborn: Pathogenesis and outcome","volume":"82","author":"Lupton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000247921.97794.5e","article-title":"Perinatal ischemic stroke","volume":"38","author":"Nelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1402","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1148","article-title":"Symptomatic neonatal arterial ischemic stroke: The International Pediatric Stroke Study","volume":"128","author":"Kirton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1480","article-title":"Evolution of unilateral perinatal arterial ischemic stroke on conventional and diffusion-weighted MR imaging","volume":"30","author":"Dudink","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.10.007","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of brain injury in the high-risk term infant","volume":"34","author":"Counsell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21334","article-title":"Presumed perinatal ischemic stroke: Vascular classification predicts outcomes","volume":"63","author":"Kirton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0553","article-title":"Cranial ultrasound in metabolic disorders presenting in the neonatal period: Characteristic features and comparison with MR imaging","volume":"28","author":"Leijser","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2004.03.003","article-title":"Neuroimaging in disorders of cortical development","volume":"14","author":"Barkovich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2014.08.005","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of bilirubin encephalopathy: Current limitations and future promise","volume":"38","author":"Wisnowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.08.021","article-title":"Evidence based management guidelines for the detection and treatment of congenital CMV","volume":"87","author":"Kadambari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(12)70003-8","article-title":"Neuroimaging in CMV congenital infected neonates: How and when","volume":"88","author":"Lanari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112111124600600_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.04.001","article-title":"Role of cerebral ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in newborns with congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"36","author":"Capretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Dev"}],"container-title":["Paediatrics &amp; Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-pdf\/23\/5\/322\/26677053\/pxx161.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]],"date-time":"2022-08-27T21:08:32Z","timestamp":1661634512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article\/23\/5\/322\/5055655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pch\/pxx161","relation":{},"ISSN":["1205-7088","1918-1485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1205-7088","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]]}}}