{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:19:53Z","timestamp":1785453593190,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/open-government-licence\/version\/3\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) can be complicated by severe hypercalcemia, which is frequently asymptomatic. Nephrocalcinosis is associated with hypercalcemia and, in other clinical settings, has been linked to furosemide and glucocorticoid use. First-line bisphosphonate therapy treating hypercalcemia in neonatal SCFN is not well described.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe the biochemical changes and risk of nephrocalcinosis in infants with hypercalcemia, secondary to neonatal SCFN, treated with initial pamidronate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective chart review of five infants treated with initial pamidronate and without furosemide or glucocorticoids. Data were collected on the following: timing of presentation, therapeutic response, and presence of nephrocalcinosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypercalcemia resolved after 2.8\u00b11.7 days; this is compared to 7.6\u00b12.8 days from previously reported cases utilising alternative therapies (P=0.012). There were no episodes of rebound hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia. Nephrocalcinosis was present in four of five cases. When including published cases, age at diagnosis was associated with presenting serum calcium (P=0.003) and nephrocalcinosis was associated with higher serum calcium (P=0.014) and time from SCFN to hypercalcemia diagnosis (P=0.002).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective case series demonstrates that first-line pamidronate treatment was effective and safe in the resolution of hypercalcemia. Nephrocalcinosis was observed, despite the avoidance of furosemide and glucocorticoid therapy, and associated with greater disease severity and duration of hypercalcemia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxz141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T12:47:37Z","timestamp":1577191657000},"page":"e52-e56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pamidronate as first-line treatment of hypercalcemia in neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6280-5053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander D","family":"Chesover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farid H","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00375.x","article-title":"Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn and hypercalcemia: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Hicks","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0797-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of pamidronate in severe neonatal hypercalcemia caused by subcutaneous fat necrosis: A case report","volume":"168","author":"Lombardi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2014.06.010","article-title":"Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: Report of five cases","volume":"58","author":"Lara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F419","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306069","article-title":"Severe hypercalcaemia due to subcutaneous fat necrosis: Presentation, management and complications","volume":"99","author":"Shumer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e353","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12973","article-title":"Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: A 20-Year Retrospective Study","volume":"33","author":"Del Pozzo-Maga\u00f1a","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem.2010.186","article-title":"Subcutaneous fat necrosis and hypercalcemia following therapeutic hypothermia\u2013a patient report and review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Zifman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e450","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3508","article-title":"Subcutaneous fat necrosis after moderate therapeutic hypothermia in neonates","volume":"128","author":"Strohm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0008","first-page":"289","article-title":"Pamidronate: treatment for severe hypercalcemia in neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis","volume":"65","author":"Alos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1395987","article-title":"Neonatal hypercalcemia secondary to subcutaneous fat necrosis successfully treated with pamidronate: A case series and literature review","volume":"4","author":"Samedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJP Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2165\/11596620-000000000-00000","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of the loop diuretics furosemide and bumetanide in neonates and infants","volume":"14","author":"Pacifici","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70143-1","article-title":"Nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis in infants with congestive heart failure treated with furosemide","volume":"125","author":"Alon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2009.02886.x","article-title":"Exposure to furosemide as the strongest risk factor for nephrocalcinosis in preterm infants","volume":"52","author":"Gimpel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0013","first-page":"e050226","article-title":"Important hypercalcemia due to subcutaneous fat necrosis treated with pamidronate in an infant with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"5","author":"Quitadamo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neonat Individual Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/000992280104000407","article-title":"Intravenous bisphosphonate for hypercalcemia accompanying subcutaneous fat necrosis: A novel treatment approach","volume":"40","author":"Khan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1159\/000151599","article-title":"Commentary on \u201cPamidronate: Treatment for severe hypercalcemia in neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis\u201d by Alos N. et al., Hormone Research 2006;65:289-294","volume":"70","author":"Lombet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70462-2","article-title":"Etidronate therapy for hypercalcemia in subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn","volume":"134","author":"Rice","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08844.x","article-title":"Expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase in subcutaneous fat necrosis","volume":"160","author":"Farooque","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020118044919800_CIT0018","first-page":"31","article-title":"Treatment of hypercalcaemia in subcutaneous fat necrosis is controversial","volume":"68","author":"Aucharaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm Res"}],"container-title":["Paediatrics &amp; Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-pdf\/26\/1\/e52\/36166757\/pxz141.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article-pdf\/26\/1\/e52\/36166757\/pxz141.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:29:42Z","timestamp":1612312182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pch\/article\/26\/1\/e52\/5686321"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pch\/pxz141","relation":{},"ISSN":["1205-7088","1918-1485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1205-7088","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]}}}