{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T23:27:19Z","timestamp":1740180439405,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013365","name":"West China Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004912","name":"Sichuan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020HXFH041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020HXFH041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA23090502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA23090502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The fear of insecurity and uncertainty caused by the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the separation and loss of certain important relationships, and great changes in lifestyle have awakened strong emotional responses, which may cause psychological problems in the general population. However, there is little research on how people who pay attention to anxiety and depression cope with the negative psychological impact during an epidemic or major disaster. This study aimed to identify what behaviors can effectively reduce negative emotions during an epidemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 1 February to 8 March 2020, we conducted a web-based survey and collected information on general demographic data. Probable depression, anxiety symptoms, and coping behaviors were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and self-made coping behaviors questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 17\u2009249 responders, 7923 and 9326 completed assessments of depression and anxiety respectively, and all responders completed the coping behaviors questionnaires. Our survey population showed a high prevalence rate of possible depression disorders (2746 of 7923, 34.66%) and anxiety disorders (5309 of 9326, 56.93%). Compared with other groups, the elderly, women, people of lower education, and people with lower income were more likely to suffer depression and\/or anxiety. In terms of marital status, the cohabiting group showed the highest rate of depression and\/or anxiety. Among the careers, students and housewives were high-risk groups suffering from depression and\/or anxiety. After adjusting for social-demographic factors (e.g. age, sex), depression and anxiety were positively associated with self-injury, doing housework, and having sex or masturbating, and negatively associated with singing, drawing, or writing, dating friends online, singing, attending lectures, and doing yoga.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings identified some spontaneous coping behaviors that can probably relieve the psychological impact of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbaa023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T11:26:21Z","timestamp":1592911581000},"page":"161-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["How to deal with the negative psychological impact of COVID-19 for people who pay attention to anxiety and depression"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Fenfen","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengtong","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuyuzhang Honors College, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anni","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center of West China Hospital and Disaster Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022032115030083400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m408","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m408","article-title":"China coronavirus: WHO declares international emergency as death toll exceeds 200","volume":"368","author":"Mahase","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022032115030083400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1086\/424016","article-title":"Factors associated with psychosis among patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a case-control study","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022032115030083400_bib3","first-page":"E001","article-title":"Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19","volume":"38","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"2022032115030083400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100213","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2020-100213","article-title":"A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations","volume":"33","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"General Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022032115030083400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30299-3","article-title":"Offline: 2019-nCoV\u2013\u201cA desperate plea\u201d","volume":"395","author":"Horton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"key":"2022032115030083400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.158543","article-title":"Psychosocial effects of an Ebola outbreak at individual, community and international levels","volume":"94","author":"Van\u00a0Bortel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2022032115030083400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.11.857","article-title":"The impact of community psychological responses on outbreak control for severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong","volume":"57","author":"Leung","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2022032115030083400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30046-8","article-title":"Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed","volume":"7","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022032115030083400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9 - 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