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They exert robust pro-inflammatory effects and recruit other immune cells in the acute phase of pathogen infection and intestinal inflammation, but paradoxically, they also limit exogenous microbial invasion and facilitate mucosal restoration. Hyperactivation or dysfunction of neutrophils results in abnormal immune responses, leading to multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). As a refractory intestinal inflammatory disease, the pathogenesis and progression of IBD are associated with complicated immune response processes in which neutrophils are profoundly involved. However, the consensus on potential roles of neutrophils in modulating pathogenic and repair processes of IBD remains not fully understood. Accumulated infiltrating neutrophils cross the epithelial barrier and contribute to microbial dysbiosis, aggravated intestinal architectural damage, compromised resolution of intestinal inflammation and increased risk of thrombosis during IBD. Paradoxically, activated neutrophils are also associated with effective elimination of invaded microbiota, promoted angiogenesis and tissue restoration of gut mucosa in IBD. Here, we discuss the beneficial and detrimental roles of neutrophils in the onset and resolution of intestinal mucosal inflammation, hoping to provide a precise overview of neutrophil functions in the pathogenesis of IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbab025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T22:34:49Z","timestamp":1637188489000},"page":"246-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Dichotomous roles of neutrophils in modulating pathogenic and repair processes of inflammatory bowel diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4959-4327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huimin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunjin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Shangqiu 476100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0326-543X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanju","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022032115004738200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0141-8","article-title":"Heterogeneity of neutrophils","volume":"19","author":"Ng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2022032115004738200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060815-014442","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species and Neutrophil 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