{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:11:17Z","timestamp":1792714277687,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":394,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered immune cells have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, expanding from the established success of CAR-T cells to a diverse array of cellular platforms. While seven Food and Drug Administration-approved CAR-T cell products demonstrate unprecedented efficacy in hematologic malignancies, significant limitations persist, including severe inflammatory toxicities, resistance in solid tumors, and manufacturing barriers. These challenges have catalyzed extensive research to extend CAR engineering into alternative effector cell types, such as unconventional T cell subsets, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, as well as non-immune platforms. Each cell type exhibits distinct antitumor mechanisms, persistence profiles, safety characteristics, and manufacturing requirements, positioning them to address complementary therapeutic needs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of diverse CAR-engineered cellular platforms, encompassing their biological properties, advantages, sourcing strategies, and manufacturing processes, alongside current clinical progress and optimization approaches. Beyond oncology, these platforms have demonstrated significant potential in treating autoimmune diseases, infections, cardiac fibrosis, and senescence-associated disorders. By leveraging distinct immune and non-immune cell types to mediate cytotoxicity or suppress pathogenic cells, CAR technology provides versatile therapeutic avenues across varied disease contexts. Through synthesis of recent advances in CAR platform diversity, this review identifies opportunities for targeted optimization and explores future directions for broadening CAR-based therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbag007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T12:32:47Z","timestamp":1771677167000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Beyond CAR-T and oncology: broadening chimeric antigen receptor technologies across cell types and diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"City of Hope National Medical Center Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, , Los Angeles, CA 91010 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongye","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City of Hope National Medical Center Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, , Los Angeles, CA 91010 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, , Irvine, CA 92697 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , Irvine, CA 92612 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6711","article-title":"CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer","volume":"359","author":"June","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadu9790","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adu9790","article-title":"CAR T cell\u2013mediated bone marrow inflammation causes hematotoxicity and favors clonal hematopoiesis","volume":"17","author":"Khelil","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05707-3","article-title":"CAR immune cells: design principles, resistance and the next generation","volume":"614","author":"Labanieh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-025-01075-1","article-title":"Optimizing CAR T cell therapy for solid tumours: a clinical perspective","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e011890","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-011890","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of PSCA CAR-engineered V\u03b41 \u03b3\u03b4 T cells for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020287","article-title":"CAR-T regulatory (CAR-Treg) cells: engineering and applications","volume":"10","author":"Arjomandnejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19672-2","article-title":"Enhanced CAR-T activity against established tumors by polarizing human T cells to secrete interleukin-9","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.09.011","article-title":"Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-specific Th9 cells induces viral mimicry to eliminate antigen-loss-variant tumor cells","volume":"39","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02235-2","article-title":"Loss of YTHDF2 enhances Th9 programming and CAR-Th9 cell antitumor efficacy","volume":"26","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02327-z","article-title":"CAR race to cancer immunotherapy: from CAR T, CAR NK to CAR macrophage therapy","volume":"41","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491282","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1491282","article-title":"Combining the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based immunotherapy: recent advances, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"12","author":"Alidadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01191-4","article-title":"The role of MSCs and CAR-MSCs in cellular immunotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06243-w","article-title":"CAR T therapy beyond cancer: the evolution of a living drug","volume":"619","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.06.027","article-title":"Allogeneic CD19-targeted CAR-T therapy in patients with severe myositis and systemic sclerosis","volume":"187","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30216-8","article-title":"Off-the-shelf CAR natural killer cells secreting IL-15 target spike in treating COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm0594","article-title":"CAR T cells produced in vivo to treat cardiac injury","volume":"375","author":"Rurik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-024-01195-6","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells with chimaeric antigen receptors for enhanced immunosuppression","volume":"8","author":"Sirpilla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102209","article-title":"Cardiolipin-mimic lipid nanoparticles without antibody modification delivered senolytic in vivo CAR-T therapy for inflamm-aging","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Reports Medicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2403-9","article-title":"Senolytic CAR T cells reverse senescence-associated pathologies","volume":"583","author":"Amor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2025.01.002","article-title":"CAR-NK cell therapy: a potential antiviral platform","volume":"70","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science Bulletin"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e136185","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.136185","article-title":"CD19-targeted CAR regulatory T cells suppress B cell pathology without GvHD","volume":"5","author":"Imura","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01746-7","article-title":"Recent advances in CAR-MSCs: the new engine of cellular immunotherapy evolution","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.125.326716","article-title":"CAR macrophages engineered In Vivo for attenuating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"137","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01765-8","article-title":"Engineered cellular immunotherapies in cancer and beyond","volume":"28","author":"Finck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2014.134","article-title":"\u03b1\u03b2 T cell receptors as predictors of health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Attaf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Immunology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2015.5","article-title":"Performance-enhancing drugs: design and production of redirected chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells","volume":"22","author":"Levine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.247","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells derived from defined CD8+ and CD4+ subsets confer superior antitumor reactivity in vivo","volume":"30","author":"Sommermeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-023-00570-7","article-title":"Tumor-intrinsic sensitivity to the pro-apoptotic effects of IFN-\u03b3 is a major determinant of CD4+ CAR T-cell antitumor activity","volume":"4","author":"Boulch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaag1209","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aag1209","article-title":"TCR engagement negatively affects CD8 but not CD4 CAR T cell expansion and leukemic clearance","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007803","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007803","article-title":"CD8+ chimeric antigen receptor T cells manufactured in absence of CD4+ cells exhibit hypofunctional phenotype","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1061-7","article-title":"Characteristics of anti-CD19 CAR T cell infusion products associated with efficacy and toxicity in patients with large B cell lymphomas","volume":"26","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04390-6","article-title":"Decade-long leukaemia remissions with persistence of CD4(+) CAR T cells","volume":"602","author":"Melenhorst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-01976-z","article-title":"Who wins the combat, CAR or TCR?","volume":"37","author":"Yun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e010248","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010248","article-title":"MAGE-A4 pMHC-targeted CAR-T cells exploiting TCR machinery exhibit significantly improved in vivo function while retaining antigen specificity","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax7969","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aax7969","article-title":"Gasdermin E\u2013mediated target cell pyroptosis by CAR T cells triggers cytokine release syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061283","article-title":"Killing mechanisms of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells","volume":"20","author":"Benmebarek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau5907","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau5907","article-title":"The tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib acts as a pharmacologic on\/off switch for CAR T cells","volume":"11","author":"Mestermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-025-00180-1","article-title":"Cancer cell therapies: global clinical trial trends and emerging directions","volume":"24","author":"Benthani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04390-6","article-title":"Decade-long leukaemia remissions with persistence of CD4+ CAR T cells","volume":"602","author":"Melenhorst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0297-y","article-title":"Engineering strategies to overcome the current roadblocks in CAR T cell therapy","volume":"17","author":"Rafiq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2024.101250","article-title":"CAR-T cell manufacturing landscape\u2014Lessons from the past decade and considerations for early clinical development","volume":"32","author":"Dias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy\u2014Methods & Clinical Development"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00754-1","article-title":"Long-term outcomes following CAR T cell therapy: what we know so far","volume":"20","author":"Cappell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2400209","article-title":"Secondary cancers after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy","volume":"390","author":"Verdun","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03458-w","article-title":"T cell malignancies after CAR T\u2009cell therapy in the DESCAR-T registry","volume":"31","author":"Dulery","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021010858","article-title":"Investigation of product-derived lymphoma following infusion of piggyBac-modified CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells","volume":"138","author":"Micklethwaite","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021010813","article-title":"Development of CAR T-cell lymphoma in 2 of 10 patients effectively treated with piggyBac-modified CD19 CAR T cells","volume":"138","author":"Bishop","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2023.04.006","article-title":"Manufacturing innovation to drive down cell therapy costs","volume":"41","author":"Khang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2023.101139","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticles outperform electroporation in mRNA-based CAR T cell engineering","volume":"31","author":"Kitte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy Methods & Clinical Development"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pbae017","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbae017","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines: a new frontier in precision oncology","volume":"7","author":"Jacob","year":"2024","journal-title":"Precision Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2021.173","article-title":"Choosing the right tool for genetic engineering: clinical lessons from chimeric antigen receptor-T cells","volume":"32","author":"Irving","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867013","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.867013","article-title":"The past, present, and future of non-viral CAR T cells","volume":"13","author":"Moretti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2021.173","article-title":"Choosing the right tool for genetic engineering: clinical lessons from chimeric antigen receptor-T cells","volume":"32","author":"Irving","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2022.06.003","article-title":"Cas-CLOVER is a novel high-fidelity nuclease for safe and robust generation of TSCM-enriched allogeneic CAR-T cells","volume":"29","author":"Madison","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068625","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1068625","article-title":"Differences in the phenotypes and transcriptomic signatures of chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocytes manufactured via electroporation or lentiviral transfection","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05140-y","article-title":"Non-viral, specifically targeted CAR-T cells achieve high safety and efficacy in B-NHL","volume":"609","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023011992","article-title":"Early predictive factors of failure in autologous CAR T-cell manufacturing and\/or efficacy in hematologic malignancies","volume":"8","author":"Baguet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Advances"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01737-8","article-title":"Recent advances in universal chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2025.100677","article-title":"Emerging trends in clinical allogeneic CAR cell therapy","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32334-5","article-title":"Genome-edited, donor-derived allogeneic anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells in paediatric and adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of two phase 1 studies","volume":"396","author":"Benjamin","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabq3010","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq3010","article-title":"Phase 1 clinical trial of CRISPR-engineered CAR19 universal T cells for treatment of children with refractory B cell leukemia","volume":"14","author":"Ottaviano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.02.009","article-title":"D-organoid culture supports differentiation of human CAR+ iPSCs into highly functional CAR T cells","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00730-z","article-title":"Generation of hypoimmunogenic T cells from genetically engineered allogeneic human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.02.026","article-title":"Stem cell-derived CAR T cells show greater persistence, trafficking, and viral control compared to ex vivo transduced CAR T cells","volume":"32","author":"Carrillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2025029532","article-title":"CD371-Targeted CAR T-cells secreting interleukin-18 exhibit robust expansion and clear refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"146","author":"Geyer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-25-3748","article-title":"Optimizing In Vivo CAR-T cell engineering for cancer immunotherapy","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.03.004","article-title":"Direct in vivo CAR T cell engineering","volume":"45","author":"Short","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-025-01291-5","article-title":"In vivo chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy","volume":"25","author":"Bot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"LBA","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2025-LBA-1","article-title":"Minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative outcomes following a novel, in vivo gene therapy generating anti\u2013B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): preliminary results from inMMyCAR, the first-in-human phase 1 study of KLN-1010","volume":"146","author":"Harrison","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10024","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.24.10024","article-title":"Expression of immunoglobulin-T-cell receptor chimeric molecules as functional receptors with antibody-type specificity","volume":"86","author":"Gross","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.005","article-title":"From concept to cure: the evolution of CAR-T cell therapy","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103849","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor\u2013Modified T cells in chronic lymphoid leukemia","volume":"365","author":"Porter\u00a0David","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e816","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30277-5","article-title":"Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in acute lymphocytic leukaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Anagnostou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709866","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Maude","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709919","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of CD19 CAR therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12020194","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell therapy for B-cell hematological malignancies: an update of the pivotal clinical trial data","volume":"12","author":"Roex","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01191-8","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy in Multiple Myeloma: current status and future challenges","volume":"14","author":"Swan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.03.019","article-title":"CAR-T therapy in solid tumors","volume":"43","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-225785","article-title":"BCMA-CD19 compound CAR T cells for systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase 1 open-label clinical trial","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611366","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.611366","article-title":"Characteristics and risk factors of Cytokine Release syndrome in chimeric antigen receptor T cell treatment","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0036-4","article-title":"Monocyte-derived IL-1 and IL-6 are differentially required for cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity due to CAR T cells","volume":"24","author":"Norelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224ra225","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008226","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity management of 19-28z CAR T cell therapy in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"6","author":"Davila","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.12.758","article-title":"ASTCT consensus grading for cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity associated with immune effector cells","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2026131","article-title":"Cytokine Storm","volume":"383","author":"Fajgenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0041-7","article-title":"CAR T cell\u2013induced cytokine release syndrome is mediated by macrophages and abated by IL-1 blockade","volume":"24","author":"Giavridis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-021-00255-4","article-title":"CRISPR-edited CART with GM-CSF knockout and auto secretion of IL6 and IL1 blockers in patients with hematologic malignancy","volume":"7","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-020-00166-2","article-title":"Interleukin-6-knockdown of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells significantly reduces IL-6 release from monocytes","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental Hematology & Oncology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-21-0181","article-title":"Blockade or deletion of IFN\u03b3 reduces macrophage activation without compromising CAR T-cell function in hematologic malignancies","volume":"3","author":"Bailey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discovery"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2020-002550","article-title":"Neurotoxicity\u2014CAR T-cell therapy: what the neurologist needs to know","volume":"20","author":"Neill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Practical Neurology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879608","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.879608","article-title":"Immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome in chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy","volume":"13","author":"Sterner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33156","article-title":"Cost of decentralized CAR T-cell production in an academic nonprofit setting","volume":"147","author":"Ran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00607-3","article-title":"Preparing for CAR T cell therapy: patient selection, bridging therapies and lymphodepletion","volume":"19","author":"Amini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0451-2","article-title":"Clinical utilization of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)\u2013an expert opinion from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT)","volume":"54","author":"Kansagra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02404-6","article-title":"CD19 CAR T-cell therapy and prophylactic anakinra in relapsed or refractory lymphoma: phase 2 trial interim results","volume":"29","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01436-0","article-title":"CAR T cells with dual targeting of CD19 and CD22 in adult patients with recurrent or refractory B cell malignancies: a phase 1 trial","volume":"27","author":"Spiegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2025.104824","article-title":"Dual-target CAR-T cell therapy: A new strategy to improve the therapeutic effect of hematological malignancies","volume-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol","author":"Wang","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-025-01490-0","article-title":"Pan-cancer analysis identifies CD155 as a promising target for CAR-T cell therapy","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genome Medicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102353","article-title":"CAR-T cells in solid tumors: challenges and breakthroughs","volume":"6","author":"Escobar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Reports Medicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01726-1","article-title":"PSMA-targeting tgf\u03b2-insensitive armored CAR T\u2009cells in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 trial","volume":"28","author":"Narayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.06.015","article-title":"LIGHT\/TNFSF14 promotes CAR-T cell trafficking and cytotoxicity through reversing immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5494","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-0777","article-title":"Coexpression of IL7 and CCL21 increases efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors without requiring preconditioned lymphodepletion","volume":"26","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00737-6","article-title":"T cells armed with C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 enhance adoptive cell therapy for pancreatic tumours","volume":"5","author":"Lesch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4016","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11869-4","article-title":"CXCR1- or CXCR2-modified CAR T cells co-opt IL-8 for maximal antitumor efficacy in solid tumors","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4086","article-title":"IL-7 and CCL19 expression in CAR-T cells improves immune cell infiltration and CAR-T cell survival in the tumor","volume":"36","author":"Adachi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00189-2","article-title":"Navigating CAR-T cells through the solid-tumour microenvironment","volume":"20","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-022-02778-6","article-title":"CAR-T cell combination therapy: the next revolution in cancer treatment","volume":"22","author":"Al-Haideri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-0035","article-title":"An oncolytic virus expressing IL15\/IL15R\u03b1 combined with off-the-shelf EGFR-CAR NK cells targets glioblastoma","volume":"81","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27764","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8526","article-title":"A combinational therapy of EGFR-CAR NK cells and oncolytic herpes simplex virus 1 for breast cancer brain metastases","volume-title":"Oncotarget","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.06.012","article-title":"The role of exhaustion in CAR T cell therapy","volume":"39","author":"Delgoffe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00560-y","article-title":"Dynamics and specificities of T cells in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Oliveira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01578-y","article-title":"Hallmarks of CD8+ T cell dysfunction are established within hours of tumor antigen encounter before cell division","volume":"24","author":"Rudloff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878209","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.878209","article-title":"CAR-T cell performance: how to improve their persistence?","volume":"13","author":"L\u00f3pez-Cantillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1805-z","article-title":"C-Jun overexpression in CAR T cells induces exhaustion resistance","volume":"576","author":"Lynn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2025.08.014","article-title":"CAR T cell persistence in cancer","volume":"11","author":"Mueller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.022","article-title":"Single-cell analyses identify brain mural cells expressing CD19 as potential off-tumor targets for CAR-T immunotherapies","volume":"183","author":"Parker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00704-3","article-title":"Overcoming on-target, off-tumour toxicity of CAR T cell therapy for solid tumours","volume":"20","author":"Flugel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2010.24","article-title":"Case report of a serious adverse event following the administration of T cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor recognizing ERBB2","volume":"18","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261ra151","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3010162","article-title":"Regional delivery of mesothelin-targeted CAR T cell therapy generates potent and long-lasting CD4-dependent tumor immunity","volume":"6","author":"Adusumilli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01653-8","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040800","article-title":"Human \u03b3\u03b4 TCR repertoires in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Fichtner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051305","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells: the ideal tool for cancer immunotherapy","volume-title":"Cells","author":"Yazdanifar","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.55","article-title":"Human \u03b3\u03b4t-cell subsets and their involvement in tumor immunity","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Immunology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810059106","article-title":"Cross-presenting human \u03b3\u03b4 T cells induce robust CD8+ \u03b1\u03b2 T cell responses","volume":"106","author":"Brandes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05593-1","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells are effectors of immunotherapy in cancers with HLA class I defects","volume":"613","author":"de\u00a0Vries","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-022-03260-y","article-title":"CAR \u03b3\u03b4 T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Is the field more yellow than green?","volume-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother","author":"Ganapathy","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554541","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1554541","article-title":"Prospects for \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and chimeric antigen receptor \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01701-6","article-title":"Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects","volume":"18","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70182","DOI":"10.1002\/hem3.70182","article-title":"Harnessing the immunotherapeutic potentials of gamma delta T cells against hematological malignancies","volume":"9","author":"Agbuduwe","year":"2025","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863155","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.863155","article-title":"A simple and robust single-step method for CAR-V\u03b41 \u03b3\u03b4t cell expansion and transduction for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Ferry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5795","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0597","article-title":"Delta one T cells for immunotherapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical-grade expansion\/differentiation and preclinical proof of concept","volume":"22","author":"Almeida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336870","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1336870","article-title":"Isolation and expansion of pure and functional \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"15","author":"Verkerk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2562210","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2025.2562210","article-title":"IL-21-reprogrammed V\u03b41 T cells exert killing against solid tumors which is enhanced by CAR arming for off-the-shelf immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Portillo","year":"2025","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.12.001","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered Human gamma delta T cells: enhanced cytotoxicity with retention of cross presentation","volume":"26","author":"Capsomidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.2168.2168","article-title":"In vitro expanded \u03b3\u03b4 T cells derived from cord blood induce potent and specific cytotoxicity against Human acute myeloid leukemia cells","volume-title":"Blood","author":"Cheung","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf3120","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf3120","article-title":"Cord blood\u2013derived V\u03b42+ and V\u03b42\u2212 T cells acquire differential cell state compositions upon in vitro expansion","volume":"9","author":"Ng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8529104","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8529104","article-title":"Expansion of gammadelta T cells from cord blood: A therapeutical possibility","volume":"2018","author":"Berglund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells International"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2020.04.013","article-title":"Electroporation of NKG2D RNA CAR improves V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cell responses against Human solid tumor xenografts","volume":"17","author":"Ang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy\u2014Oncolytics"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.267","article-title":"Bispecific T-cells expressing polyclonal repertoire of endogenous \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell receptors and introduced CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor","volume":"21","author":"Deniger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01347","article-title":"Gamma-delta CAR-T cells show CAR-directed and independent activity against leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Rozenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157400","article-title":"A phase 1 study of ADI-001: anti-CD20 CAR-engineered allogeneic gamma Delta1 (\u03b3\u03b4) T cells in adults with B-cell malignancies","volume":"140","author":"Neelapu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003441","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003441","article-title":"Off-the-shelf V\u03b41 gamma delta T cells engineered with glypican-3 (GPC-3)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and soluble IL-15 display robust antitumor efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Makkouk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4093","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2023-4093","article-title":"Abstract 4093: dual targeted CAR immunotherapy for neuroblastoma using \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"83","author":"Jonus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.08.512","article-title":"442O A phase I clinical trial of intrathecal injection of allogeneic CAR-\u03b3\u03b4t cells targeting B7H3 for the treatment of patients with recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2025.03.001","article-title":"The clinical landscape of CAR-engineered unconventional T cells","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729085","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.729085","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells for Leukemia immunotherapy: new and expanding trends","volume":"12","author":"Barros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-149095","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived gamma delta CAR-T cells for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"138","author":"Wallet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-3495","article-title":"Arming V\u03b42 T cells with chimeric antigen receptors to combat cancer","volume":"30","author":"Thomas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4066","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-24-0195","article-title":"B7-H3\u2013Targeted CAR-V\u03b41T cells exhibit potent broad-spectrum activity against solid tumors","volume":"84","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e011704","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-011704","article-title":"ADI-270: an armored allogeneic gamma delta T cell therapy designed to target CD70-expressing solid and hematologic malignancies","volume":"13","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282758","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1282758","article-title":"Gamma\/delta T cells as cellular vehicles for anti-tumor immunity","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915837","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.915837","article-title":"Gamma Delta T-cell based cancer Immunotherapy: past-present-future","volume":"13","author":"Saura-Esteller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.05.020","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating \u03b3\u03b4 T cells suppress T and dendritic cell function via mechanisms controlled by a unique toll-like receptor signaling pathway","volume-title":"Immunity","author":"Peng","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062512","article-title":"Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression","volume":"204","author":"Deaglio","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328193","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1328193","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying immunosuppression by regulatory cells","volume":"15","author":"Goldmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.09.002","article-title":"Human T regulatory cells can use the perforin pathway to cause autologous target cell death","volume-title":"Immunity","author":"Grossman","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12111534","article-title":"CAR-based therapy for autoimmune diseases: A novel powerful option","volume":"12","author":"M\u0171zes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2023.04.005","article-title":"Engineered treg cells as putative therapeutics against inflammatory diseases and beyond","volume":"44","author":"Bittner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-01089-x","article-title":"Harnessing the biology of regulatory T cells to treat disease","volume":"24","author":"Wardell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadp6519","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adp6519","article-title":"CAR treg cells mediate linked suppression and infectious tolerance in islet transplantation in mice","volume":"17","author":"Wardell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235222","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1235222","article-title":"CAR-T cells and CAR-tregs targeting conventional type-1 dendritic cell suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"14","author":"Moorman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01035-3","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for autoimmune disease","volume":"24","author":"Chung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.001","article-title":"The emerging landscape of immune cell therapies","volume-title":"Cell","author":"Weber","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00092-2","article-title":"B cell depletion therapies in autoimmune disease: advances and mechanistic insights","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613878","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1613878","article-title":"CAR T-cell therapy in autoimmune diseases: a promising frontier on the horizon","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10340","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110340","article-title":"Regulatory T cell-based adoptive cell therapy in autoimmunity","volume-title":"Int J Mol Sci","author":"Goz\u00e1lvez","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08866-1","article-title":"Improving the efficacy of regulatory T cell therapy","volume":"62","author":"Baeten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8338","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.12.8338","article-title":"Rapamycin promotes expansion of functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells of both healthy subjects and type 1 diabetic Patients1","volume":"177","author":"Battaglia","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2018.01.006","article-title":"A rapamycin-based GMP-compatible process for the isolation and expansion of regulatory T cells for clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Fraser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy\u2014Methods & Clinical Development"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46448-9","article-title":"Regulatory T cells expressing CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor restore homeostasis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"15","author":"Doglio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s41231-023-00150-y","article-title":"Feasibility of manufacture of chimeric antigen receptor-regulatory T cells from patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"8","author":"Bastian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Translational Medicine Communications"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110340","article-title":"Regulatory T cell-based adoptive cell therapy in autoimmunity","volume-title":"Int J Mol Sci","author":"Goz\u00e1lvez","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-112","article-title":"CAR\/FoxP3-engineered T regulatory cells target the CNS and suppress EAE upon intranasal delivery","volume":"9","author":"Fransson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroinflam"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2020.10.002","article-title":"HLA-A*02:01-directed chimeric antigen receptor\/forkhead box P3-engineered CD4+ T cells adopt a regulatory phenotype and suppress established graft-versus-host disease","volume":"23","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267762","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1267762","article-title":"Unlocking the potential of Tregs: innovations in CAR technology","volume":"10","author":"Requejo\u00a0Cier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13071757","article-title":"Revolutionizing allogeneic graft tolerance through chimeric antigen receptor-T regulatory cells","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI82771","article-title":"Alloantigen-specific regulatory T cells generated with a chimeric antigen receptor","volume":"126","author":"MacDonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685682","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1685682","article-title":"Regulatory T cell therapy for xenotransplantation, what perspectives?","volume":"16","author":"Porret","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.05.431","article-title":"POS0034\u2005REGULATE-RA: A phase 1 study of CAR-T regulatory cells targeting citrullinated proteins in refractory rheumatoid arthritis: interim safety and tolerability","volume":"84","author":"Baxter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604483","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1604483","article-title":"Treg cell therapy manufacturability: current state of the art, challenges and new opportunities","volume":"16","author":"Stoops","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184937","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2023.1184937","article-title":"CAR-treg cell therapies and their future potential in treating ocular autoimmune conditions","volume":"3","author":"Abraham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.05.004","article-title":"Human iPSC-derived CD4+treg-like cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors control GvHD in a xenograft model","volume":"31","author":"Yano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2024.101385","article-title":"High-affinity chimeric antigen receptor signaling induces an inflammatory program in human regulatory T\u00a0cells","volume":"32","author":"Cochrane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy Methods & Clinical Development"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26844-1","article-title":"Transient mTOR inhibition rescues 4-1BB CAR-tregs from tonic signal-induced dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Lamarth\u00e9e","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0345-y","article-title":"Thymic development of unconventional T cells: how NKT cells, MAIT cells and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells emerge","volume":"20","author":"Pellicci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-11-541235","article-title":"Invariant NKT cells with chimeric antigen receptor provide a novel platform for safe and effective cancer immunotherapy","volume":"124","author":"Heczey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1006689514066","article-title":"Antigen-specific regulation of CD1 expression in humans","volume":"20","author":"Ulanova","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.009","article-title":"Unconventional T cell targets for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"48","author":"Godfrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2018.11.013","article-title":"Unveiling the regulation of NKT17 cell differentiation and function","volume":"105","author":"Tsagaratou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424877112","article-title":"Genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells to generate invariant natural killer T cells","volume":"112","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-023-02923-9","article-title":"CAR-NKT cell therapy: a new promising paradigm of cancer immunotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Hadiloo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100449","article-title":"Development of allogeneic HSC-engineered iNKT cells for off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2011.00031","article-title":"Chemokines: A new dendritic cell signal for T cell activation","volume":"2","author":"Thaiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.08.017","article-title":"Enhanced anti-lymphoma activity of CAR19-iNKT cells underpinned by dual CD19 and CD1d targeting","volume":"34","author":"Rotolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625426","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1625426","article-title":"CAR-iNKT cells: redefining the frontiers of cellular immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Niedzielska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00830-0","article-title":"CAR-redirected natural killer T cells demonstrate superior antitumor activity to CAR-T cells through multimodal CD1d-dependent mechanisms","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-024-02226-y","article-title":"Generation of allogeneic CAR-NKT cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using a clinically guided culture method","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.515","article-title":"Methods for detection, isolation and culture of mouse and human invariant NKT cells","volume":"3","author":"Watarai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e179014","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI179014","article-title":"Off-the-shelf invariant NKT cells expressing anti-PSCA CAR and IL-15 promote pancreatic cancer regression in mice","volume":"135","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100449","article-title":"Development of allogeneic HSC-engineered iNKT cells for off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Reports Medicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016201","article-title":"Natural killer T cells and other innate-like T lymphocytes as emerging platforms for allogeneic cancer cell therapy","volume":"141","author":"Courtney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031096","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of invariant natural killer T cells modified with CD38 or BCMA chimeric antigen receptors for multiple myeloma","volume":"22","author":"Poels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-149712","article-title":"Allogeneic NKT cells expressing a CD19-specific CAR in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies: an interim analysis","volume":"138","author":"Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02363-y","article-title":"Anti-GD2 CAR-NKT cells in relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: updated phase 1 trial interim results","volume":"29","author":"Heczey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6105","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2025-6105","article-title":"Abstract 6105: iPSC-derived HER2 CAR-iNKT cells enhance the activity of immune cells against cancer cells","volume":"85","author":"Shioya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2517786122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2517786122","article-title":"Targeting orthotopic and metastatic pancreatic cancer with allogeneic stem cell\u2013engineered mesothelin-redirected CAR-NKT cells","volume":"122","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A349","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-SITC2024.0304","article-title":"304 Antitumor activity of GPC3 chimeric antigen receptor modified NKT cells","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14521","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.e14521","article-title":"Glypican-3-specific CAR-NKT cells overexpressing BATF3 mediate potent antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Shaik","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102321","article-title":"Multimodal targeting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma via CD70-directed allogeneic CAR-NKT cells","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Reports Medicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.09.026","article-title":"Allogeneic stem cell-engineered EGFRvIII-specific CAR-NKT cells for treating glioblastoma with enhanced efficacy and safety","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108597","article-title":"IL-21-armored B7H3 CAR-iNKT cells exert potent antitumor effects","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2025.05.014","article-title":"IL-15 in CAR engineering: striking an efficacy\u2013safety balance","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59535","article-title":"IL-15 protects NKT cells from inhibition by tumor-associated macrophages and enhances antimetastatic activity","volume":"122","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7126","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-0421","article-title":"NKT cells coexpressing a GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor and IL15 show enhanced In vivo persistence and antitumor activity against neuroblastoma","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"szaf036","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szaf036","article-title":"Anti-tumor effect of intratumoral administration of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NKT cells on glioblastoma through CD155\/DNAM-1 interaction","volume":"14","author":"Ozaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cells Translational Medicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01817","article-title":"Culture-expanded Human invariant natural killer T cells suppress T-cell alloreactivity and eradicate leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Schmid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.04.005","article-title":"Engineering allorejection-resistant CAR-NKT cells from hematopoietic stem cells for off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02746-4","article-title":"Non-viral approaches in CAR-NK cell engineering: connecting natural killer cell biology and gene delivery","volume":"22","author":"McErlean","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000968","article-title":"Application of natural killer immunotherapy in blood cancers and solid tumors","volume":"35","author":"Sayegh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.12.281","article-title":"Off-the-shelf prostate stem cell antigen\u2013Directed chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell therapy to treat pancreatic cancer","volume":"162","author":"Teng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6225","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007405","article-title":"Off-the-shelf CAR\u2013engineered natural killer cells targeting FLT3 enhance killing of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"7","author":"Mansour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Advances"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00998-9","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-024-00522-6","article-title":"CAR T cells outperform CAR NK cells in CAR-mediated effector functions in head-to-head comparison","volume":"13","author":"Egli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Experimental Hematology & Oncology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675807","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1675807","article-title":"Beyond CAR-T Cells: exploring CAR-NK, CAR-M, and CAR-\u03b3\u03b4 T strategies in solid tumor immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf036","article-title":"Natural killer cell\u2013based immunotherapy for cancer","volume":"214","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000156501.55431.20","article-title":"Characterization of cord blood natural killer cells: implications for transplantation and neonatal infections","volume":"57","author":"Dalle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2025.12.017","article-title":"Human pluripotent stem cell-derived innate and adaptive immune cells for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Shah","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-04029-z","article-title":"Phenotypic and transcriptomic profiling of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NK cells and their cytotoxicity against cancers","volume":"15","author":"Thongsin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-025-00633-8","article-title":"The clinical landscape of CAR NK cells","volume":"14","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Experimental Hematology & Oncology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2024.101065","article-title":"Construction of self-driving anti-alphaFR CAR-engineered NK cells based on IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha synergistically induced high expression of CXCL10","volume":"58","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03123","article-title":"High cytotoxic efficiency of lentivirally and alpharetrovirally engineered CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells against acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"10","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00266","article-title":"Genetic manipulation of NK cells for cancer immunotherapy: techniques and clinical implications","volume":"6","author":"Carlsten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02873","article-title":"Efficient and robust NK-cell transduction with baboon envelope pseudotyped lentivector","volume":"10","author":"Colamartino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.06.036","article-title":"Targeted in vivo delivery of genetic medicines utilizing an engineered lentiviral vector platform results in CAR T and NK cell generation","volume":"33","author":"Andorko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ads8473","article-title":"In vivo CAR T cell generation to treat cancer and autoimmune disease","volume":"388","author":"Hunter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11483","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11483","article-title":"CAR-engineered NK cells targeting wild-type EGFR and EGFRvIII enhance killing of glioblastoma and patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells","volume":"5","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2013.279","article-title":"CS1-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered natural killer cells enhance in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity against human multiple myeloma","volume":"28","author":"Chu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102975","article-title":"CAR-NK cells: A promising cellular immunotherapy for cancer","volume":"59","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-025-03980-y","article-title":"The role of NK cells in regulating tumorimmunity: current state, challenges and future strategies","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-05-222190","article-title":"NK cells mediate reduction of GVHD by inhibiting activated, alloreactive T cells while retaining GVT effects","volume":"115","author":"Olson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2546443","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2025.2546443","article-title":"Divergent on-target off-tumor effects by CAR T and CAR NK cells suggest different efficacy and safety of cell therapies","volume":"14","author":"Schindler-Wnek","year":"2025","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461102","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1461102","article-title":"CAR immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases: promises and challenges","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02785-8","article-title":"Safety, efficacy and determinants of response of allogeneic CD19-specific CAR-NK cells in CD19+ B cell tumors: a phase 1\/2 trial","volume":"30","author":"Marin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910607","article-title":"Use of CAR-transduced natural killer cells in CD19-positive lymphoid tumors","volume":"382","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-025-00940-3","article-title":"Safety and feasibility of 4-1BB co-stimulated CD19-specific CAR-NK cell therapy in refractory\/relapsed large B cell lymphoma: a phase 1 trial","volume":"6","author":"Lei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib244","first-page":"1083","article-title":"First-in-man clinical trial of CAR NK-92 cells: safety test of CD33-CAR NK-92 cells in patients with relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"86","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585556","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1585556","article-title":"Allogeneic CAR-engineered cellular therapy for relapsed and refractory large B cell lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Biederst\u00e4dt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574742","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1574742","article-title":"CAR-NK cell therapy: promise and challenges in solid tumors","volume":"16","author":"Balkhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-04196-9","article-title":"NKG2D CAR-NK adoptive cellular immunotherapy combined with or without PD-1 blockade in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: an exploratory study","volume-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother","author":"Wang","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.05.038","article-title":"An iPSC-derived CD19\/BCMA CAR-NK therapy in a patient with systemic sclerosis","volume":"188","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01492-8","article-title":"Challenges and new technologies in adoptive cell therapy","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130442","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1130442","article-title":"Cytokines induced memory-like NK cells engineered to express CD19 CAR exhibit enhanced responses against B cell malignancies","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.12.057","article-title":"Emerging combined CAR-NK cell therapies in cancer treatment: finding a dancing partner","volume":"33","author":"Hosseinalizadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.08.004","article-title":"Harnessing IL-15 signaling to potentiate NK cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy","volume":"43","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01207-0","article-title":"CAR-T and CAR-NK as cellular cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Immunology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.06.023","article-title":"Preclinical efficacy of a HER2 synNotch\/CEA-CAR combinatorial immunotherapy against colorectal cancer with HER2 amplification","volume":"32","author":"Cortese","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01145-x","article-title":"Development of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies through receptor engineering","volume":"21","author":"Page","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Immunology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04461-9","article-title":"Human iPSC-derived NK cells armed with CCL19, CCR2B, high-affinity CD16, IL-15, and NKG2D complex enhance anti-solid tumor activity","volume":"16","author":"Fukutani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44789-z","article-title":"Rapid functional impairment of natural killer cells following tumor entry limits anti-tumor immunity","volume":"15","author":"Dean","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.06.009","article-title":"Disruption of TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathway is required to mediate effective killing of hepatocellular carcinoma by human iPSC-derived NK cells","volume":"31","author":"Thangaraj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.06.002","article-title":"Human iPSC-derived natural killer cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors enhance anti-tumor activity","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115123","article-title":"IPSC-derived CAR-NK cells for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"165","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-024-02282-4","article-title":"In vivo AAV\u2013SB-CRISPR screens of tumor-infiltrating primary NK cells identify genetic checkpoints of CAR-NK therapy","volume":"43","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.07.021","article-title":"Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify critical targets to enhance CAR-NK cell antitumor potency","volume":"43","author":"Biederst\u00e4dt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/abt\/tbaf019","article-title":"CAR NK cell therapy for solid tumors: potential and challenges","volume-title":"Antibody Ther","author":"Yu","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-022-02562-w","article-title":"Metabolic hallmarks of natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment and implications in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.09.013","article-title":"Engineered natural killer cells for cancer therapy","volume":"43","author":"Biederst\u00e4dt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8809","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63863-8","article-title":"Selective HLA knockdown and PD-L1 expression prevent allogeneic CAR-NK cell rejection and enhance safety and anti-tumor responses in xenograft mice","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02124-y","article-title":"Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets","volume":"10","author":"Guan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381225","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1381225","article-title":"New insights into the role of macrophages in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.04.016","article-title":"Exhaustion-associated cholesterol deficiency dampens the cytotoxic arm of antitumor immunity","volume":"41","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.02.015","article-title":"Macrophages and therapeutic resistance in cancer","volume":"27","author":"Ruffell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02715-6","article-title":"Clinical landscape of macrophage-reprogramming cancer immunotherapies","volume":"131","author":"Rannikko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00848-y","article-title":"Tissue-specific macrophages: how they develop and choreograph tissue biology","volume":"23","author":"Mass","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vdaa127","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdaa127","article-title":"Long-lived tumor-associated macrophages in glioma","volume":"2","author":"Georgieva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology Advances"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.02.012","article-title":"Multipurposing CARs: same engine, different vehicles","volume":"30","author":"Hossian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4018","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-25-1201","article-title":"CAR-macrophage cell therapy: A new era of hope for pancreatic cancer","volume":"31","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.06.014","article-title":"Engineering myeloid cells for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-024-00549-9","article-title":"The next frontier in immunotherapy: potential and challenges of CAR-macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Experimental Hematology & Oncology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17142397","article-title":"Engineering innate immunity: recent advances and future directions for CAR-NK and CAR\u2013Macrophage therapies in solid tumors","volume":"17","author":"Amoozgar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02319-6","article-title":"Efficacy evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor-modified human peritoneal macrophages in the treatment of gastric cancer","volume":"129","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0462-y","article-title":"Human chimeric antigen receptor macrophages for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Klichinsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4370","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700319R","article-title":"GM-CSF\u2013 and M-CSF\u2013primed macrophages present similar resolving but distinct inflammatory lipid mediator signatures","volume":"31","author":"Lukic","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36688","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36688","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptors that trigger phagocytosis","volume":"7","author":"Morrissey","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2012.61","article-title":"Efficient transduction of myeloid cells by an HIV-1-derived lentiviral vector that packages the Vpx accessory protein","volume":"20","author":"Bobadilla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123300","article-title":"Exploring the potential of CAR-macrophage therapy","volume":"361","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113888","article-title":"In vivo FAP-CAR macrophages enhance chemotherapy and immunotherapy against pancreatic cancer by removing the fibrosis barrier","volume":"384","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2426724122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2426724122","article-title":"In vivo generation of CAR macrophages via the enucleated mesenchymal stem cell delivery system for glioblastoma therapy","volume":"122","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.03.018","article-title":"Human anti-PSCA CAR macrophages possess potent antitumor activity against pancreatic cancer","volume":"31","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007705","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007705","article-title":"Scalable generation of functional human iPSC-derived CAR-macrophages that efficiently eradicate CD19-positive leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Abdin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.04.012","article-title":"Activating innate immune responses repolarizes hPSC-derived CAR macrophages to improve anti-tumor activity","volume":"31","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01687-8","article-title":"A second-generation M1-polarized CAR macrophage with antitumor efficacy","volume":"25","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55770-1","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-M) sensitize HER2+ solid tumors to PD1 blockade in pre-clinical models","volume":"16","author":"Pierini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-025-01170-7","article-title":"CAR-macrophages in solid tumors: promise, progress, and prospects","volume":"9","author":"Alrehaili","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Precision Oncology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03495-z","article-title":"CAR-macrophage therapy for HER2-overexpressing advanced solid tumors: a phase 1 trial","volume":"31","author":"Reiss","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308377","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202308377","article-title":"Enhancing CAR macrophage efferocytosis via surface engineered lipid nanoparticles targeting LXR signaling","volume":"36","author":"Chuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658867","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1658867","article-title":"Engineered cell therapies for autoimmune diseases: evaluating CAR-T and CAR-M progress and prospects","volume":"16","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01387-8","article-title":"Targeting inflammation with chimeric antigen receptor macrophages using a signal switch","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.01.034","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-modified macrophages ameliorate liver fibrosis in preclinical models","volume":"80","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-01022-w","article-title":"Anti-uPAR CAR T cells reverse and prevent aging-associated defects in intestinal regeneration and fitness","volume":"6","author":"Eskiocak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Aging"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.01.004","article-title":"Exploring CAR-macrophages in non-tumor diseases: therapeutic potential beyond cancer","volume":"77","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102079","article-title":"Microneedle delivery of CAR-M-like engineered macrophages alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration through enhanced efferocytosis capacity","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Reports Medicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-024-00637-2","article-title":"CAR macrophages: a promising novel immunotherapy for solid tumors and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02386-8","article-title":"Advancing CAR-based cell therapies for solid tumours: challenges, therapeutic strategies, and perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Azeez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04061-2","article-title":"M1 polarization enhances the antitumor activity of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages in solid tumors","volume":"21","author":"Huo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02032-9","article-title":"A new era of cancer immunotherapy: combining revolutionary technologies for enhanced CAR-M therapy","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-023-00537-x","article-title":"The CAR macrophage cells, a novel generation of chimeric antigen-based approach against solid tumors","volume":"11","author":"Hadiloo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2025.102515","article-title":"Engineering the next generation of allogeneic CAR cells: iPSCs as a scalable and editable platform","volume":"20","author":"Fang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.10.006","article-title":"Dual-antigen targeted iPSC-derived chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy for refractory lymphoma","volume":"30","author":"Harada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e012463","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-012463","article-title":"Engineering TME-activated CD47-specific CAR macrophage via Arg1 promoter for safe and effective solid tumor immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4069","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59326-9","article-title":"CAR macrophages with built-In CD47 blocker combat tumor antigen heterogeneity and activate T cells via cross-presentation","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11223692","article-title":"CAR-macrophages and CAR-T cells synergistically kill tumor cells In vitro","volume-title":"Cells","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5778","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41470-9","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming via ACOD1 depletion enhances function of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CAR-macrophages in solid tumors","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-07115-9","article-title":"New power in cancer immunotherapy: the rise of chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M)","volume":"23","author":"Jing","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.11.019","article-title":"Mucosal-associated invariant T\u00a0cells for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100856","article-title":"Engineering Human MAIT cells with chimeric antigen receptors for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"209","author":"Dogan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100318","article-title":"Human MAIT cells endowed with HBV specificity are cytotoxic and migrate towards HBV-HCC while retaining antimicrobial functions","volume":"3","author":"Healy","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Reports"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369236","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1369236","article-title":"Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in cancer: dual roles, complex interactions and therapeutic potential","volume":"15","author":"Yigit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6920","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.6920","article-title":"Double-negative T cells, activated by Xenoantigen, lyse autologous B and T cells using a perforin\/granzyme-dependent, Fas-Fas ligand-independent Pathway1","volume":"177","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70022","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.70022","article-title":"A preclinical study of allogeneic CD19 chimeric antigen receptor double-negative T cells as an off-the-shelf immunotherapy drug against B-cell malignancies","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical & Translational Immunology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2228","article-title":"Allogeneic Human double negative T cells as a novel immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia and its underlying mechanisms","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.1AB0120-548R","article-title":"TCR-\u03b1\/\u03b2 CD4\u2212 CD8\u2212 double negative T cells arise from CD8+ T cells","volume":"108","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Leukocyte Biol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2025-2410","article-title":"Development of multi-targeting CAR-double-negative T cells for allogeneic immunotherapy in B-cell leukemia","volume":"146","author":"L\u00f3pez\u00a0Espinosa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabl3642","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abl3642","article-title":"Allogeneic double-negative CAR-T cells inhibit tumor growth without off-tumor toxicities","volume":"7","author":"Vasic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007277","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007277","article-title":"Targeting T-cell malignancies using allogeneic double-negative CD4-CAR-T cells","volume":"11","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102516","article-title":"CD19-CAR-DNT cells (RJMty19) in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma: a phase 1, first-in-human study","volume":"70","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-024-05790-0","article-title":"DNT cells mediate resistance to CAR-T cells therapy in a pediatric patient with relapsed and refractory B-ALL","volume":"103","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13145","article-title":"Infusion of ex-vivo expanded human TCR-\u03b1\u03b2+ double-negative regulatory T cells delays onset of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease","volume":"193","author":"Achita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.217306","article-title":"Functional diversity and regulation of IL-9-producing T cells in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"606","author":"Kalim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2019.105576","article-title":"IL-9-producing CD8+ T cells represent a distinctive subset with different transcriptional characteristics from conventional CD8+ T cells, and partially infiltrate breast tumors","volume":"115","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-025-00935-0","article-title":"Adoptively transferred tumor-specific IL-9-producing cytotoxic CD8+ T cells activate host CD4+ T cells to control tumors with antigen loss","volume":"6","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09401-9","article-title":"IL-4 together with IL-1\u03b2 induces antitumor Th9 cell differentiation in the absence of TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"10","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01070-w","article-title":"IRF8-dependent molecular complexes control the Th9 transcriptional program","volume":"8","author":"Humblin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1317431111","article-title":"Tumor-specific IL-9\u2013producing CD8+ Tc9 cells are superior effector than type-I cytotoxic Tc1 cells for adoptive immunotherapy of cancers","volume":"111","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.10.021","article-title":"IL-9 signaling redirects CAR T cell fate toward CD8+memory and CD4+cycling states, enhancing antitumor efficacy","volume":"59","author":"Castelli","year":"2026","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.10.024","article-title":"IL-9 as a naturally orthogonal cytokine with optimal JAK\/STAT signaling for engineered T cell therapy","volume":"59","author":"Jiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10704","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10704","article-title":"Activated neutrophils: A next generation cellular immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Kumbhojkar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07250-6","article-title":"MR imaging tracking of inflammation-activatable engineered neutrophils for targeted therapy of surgically treated glioma","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2310318","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202310318","article-title":"Engineering and targeting neutrophils for cancer therapy","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111128","article-title":"Engineering chimeric antigen receptor neutrophils from human pluripotent stem cells for targeted cancer immunotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-10-844571","article-title":"Neutrophils as regulators of the hematopoietic niche","volume":"133","author":"Coss\u00edo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.117363","article-title":"Neutrophil-based delivery platforms: from natural mechanisms to engineered therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37872-4","article-title":"CAR-neutrophil mediated delivery of tumor-microenvironment responsive nanodrugs for glioblastoma chemo-immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regen.2023.100074","article-title":"Engineered anti-prostate cancer CAR-neutrophils from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"20","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology and Regenerative Medicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70184","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70184","article-title":"Neutrophils in tissue injury and repair: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-023-00668-y","article-title":"Cytokine-armed dendritic cell progenitors for antigen-agnostic cancer immunotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2611-3","article-title":"cDC1 prime and are licensed by CD4+ T cells to induce anti-tumour immunity","volume":"584","author":"Ferris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0088-1","article-title":"Dendritic cell subsets in T cell programming: location dictates function","volume":"19","author":"Eisenbarth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.12.110","article-title":"Potent synergy between combination of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy targeting CD19 in conjunction with dendritic cell (DC)\/tumor fusion vaccine in hematological malignancies","volume":"26","author":"Capelletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.12.004","article-title":"Boosting CAR-T cell therapy through vaccine synergy","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.84946","article-title":"A dendritic\/tumor fusion cell vaccine enhances efficacy of nanobody-based CAR-T cells against solid tumor","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.06.002","article-title":"Vaccine-boosted CAR T crosstalk with host immunity to reject tumors with antigen heterogeneity","volume":"186","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2972","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-023-03161-1","article-title":"DC vaccine enhances CAR-T cell antitumor activity by overcoming T cell exhaustion and promoting T cell infiltration in solid tumors","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Oncology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5967","article-title":"An RNA vaccine drives expansion and efficacy of claudin-CAR-T cells against solid tumors","volume":"367","author":"Reinhard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02612-0","article-title":"CLDN6-specific CAR-T cells plus amplifying RNA vaccine in relapsed or refractory solid tumors: the phase 1 BNT211-01 trial","volume":"29","author":"Mackensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3488","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-186308","article-title":"Dendritic cell vaccines extend CD19 CAR-T cell persistence and improve the outcomes in refractory\/relapsed adult B-ALL","volume":"142","author":"Tu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03788-1","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor dendritic cells targeted delivery of a single tumoricidal factor for cancer immunotherapy","volume-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother","author":"Duan","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4579","article-title":"EVIR: chimeric receptors that enhance dendritic cell cross-dressing with tumor antigens","volume":"15","author":"Squadrito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64172-w","article-title":"Dendritic cell progenitors engineered to express extracellular-vesicle\u2013internalizing receptors enhance cancer immunotherapy in mouse models","volume":"16","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadq4060","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adq4060","article-title":"Coordinate tumor-antigen uptake and dendritic cell activation by chimeric antigen receptors","volume":"17","author":"Mohammadzadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadn9083","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn9083","article-title":"In vivo dendritic cell reprogramming for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"386","author":"Ascic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70536","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70536","article-title":"CAR-DC combined with CAR-T therapy for relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia: research progress and future perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47100806","article-title":"Dendritic cell immunotherapy for solid tumors: advances in translational research and clinical application","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2024.09.1710","article-title":"Generation of dendritic cells expressing car from induced pluripotent cells: An alternative advanced cell therapy for cancer?","volume":"46","author":"Do","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2023.02.003","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived engineered T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in immunotherapy","volume":"41","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.02.009","article-title":"Advancing cell-based cancer immunotherapy through stem cell engineering","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01522-5","article-title":"Large-scale generation of iNK and CAR-iNK cells from CD34+ haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for adoptive immunotherapy","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-023-00482-9","article-title":"New cell sources for CAR-based immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Mazinani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01809-0","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications","volume":"9","author":"Cerneckis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1152","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-SITC2025.1019","article-title":"1019 Discovery of lineage specific regulatory elements for development of in vivo CAR immune cell therapy via hematopoietic stem cell engineering","volume":"13","author":"Pratama","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2025.105142","article-title":"3201\u2013Hematopoietic stem cell-derived car-immune system for tumor immunotherapy","volume":"151","author":"Sugiyama-Finnis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-025-00715-7","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor modified hematopoietic stem cells (CAR-HSCs) arm all immune forces for anti-tumor in mice","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Experimental Hematology & Oncology"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2016-0121","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor engineered stem cells: A novel HIV therapy","volume":"9","author":"Zhen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.102","article-title":"HIV-specific immunity derived from chimeric antigen receptor-engineered stem cells","volume":"23","author":"Zhen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0201-9","article-title":"Induction of resistance to chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy by transduction of a single leukemic B cell","volume":"24","author":"Ruella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2018.180","article-title":"A Cetuximab-mediated suicide system in chimeric antigen receptor\u2013modified hematopoietic stem cells for cancer therapy","volume":"30","author":"Kao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03587-y","article-title":"The heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells: an important issue to be addressed in cell therapy","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pbae004","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbae004","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells: the wine in Hebe\u2019s hands to treat skin aging","volume":"7","author":"Gui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Precision Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaba6884","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba6884","article-title":"Shattering barriers toward clinically meaningful MSC therapies","volume":"6","author":"Levy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03941-8","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell infusion for enhancing hematopoietic recovery and addressing cytopenias in CAR-T cell therapy","volume":"15","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.12.556","article-title":"A phase I trial of mesenchymal stem cells transfected with a plasmid secreting interferon beta in advanced ovarian cancer","volume":"24","author":"Olson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.02.004","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell delivery of oncolytic immunotherapy improves CAR-T cell antitumor activity","volume":"29","author":"McKenna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-025-03846-3","article-title":"Targeting cancer stem cells with CAR-based immunotherapy: biology, evidence, and future directions","volume":"25","author":"Hadiloo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2509522","article-title":"In vivo CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"393","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.02.035","article-title":"Engineering sonogenetic EchoBack-CAR T cells","volume":"188","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00982-5","article-title":"Nano-optogenetic engineering of CAR T cells for precision immunotherapy with enhanced safety","volume":"16","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07454-x","article-title":"CAR-T therapy dilemma and innovative design strategies for next generation","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581856","DOI":"10.3389\/or.2025.1581856","article-title":"Prospects of engineered bacteria-assisted CAR T Cell therapy in gastrointestinal cancers","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncology Reviews"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12321-3","article-title":"CAR exosomes derived from effector CAR-T cells have potent antitumour effects and low toxicity","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5243","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2024-5243","article-title":"Abstract 5243: CAR B cells to accelerate antigen presentation in cancer","volume":"84","author":"Molloy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2024.04.051","article-title":"Engineering CAR-expressing innate lymphoid cells (ILCS) from human pluripotent stem cells (HPSCS) for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Kuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00401-4","article-title":"CAR-engineered cell therapies: current understandings and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Bayat","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol Biomedi"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib391","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1800421","article-title":"Ethical considerations of cellular immunotherapy for cancer","volume":"20","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2025.09.004","article-title":"Designing immunity with cytokines: A logic-based framework for programmable CAR therapies","volume":"86","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-01100-5","article-title":"Novel strategies to manage CAR-T cell toxicity","volume":"24","author":"Mulvey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2026033106014184200_bib394","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02444-y","article-title":"Leveraging CRISPR gene editing technology to optimize the efficacy, safety and accessibility of CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"38","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Leukemia"}],"container-title":["Precision Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pcm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbag007\/67072953\/pbag007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pcm\/article-pdf\/9\/1\/pbag007\/67072953\/pbag007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pcm\/article-pdf\/9\/1\/pbag007\/67072953\/pbag007.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:01:51Z","timestamp":1774951311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pcm\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbag007\/8494834"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"references-count":394,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbag007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2096-5303","2516-1571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2096-5303","type":"print"},{"value":"2516-1571","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"article-number":"pbag007"}}