{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:45:31Z","timestamp":1791445531390,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00239562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00239562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MCB 2401310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCB 2401310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency PRESTO","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JPMJPR21D8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPR21D8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Stomatal pores in land plants rapidly and reversibly open and close in response to diurnal changes in leaf carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Studies have suggested that CO2 is sensed by guard cells with relevant amplifying contributions from mesophyll tissue. CO2 concentration changes trigger rapid signal transduction events involving protein phosphorylation in guard cells. Moreover, molecular crosstalk and physiological interactions of the stomatal CO2 response with other environmental conditions and stimuli, including light, temperature, drought, and abscisic acid, are reviewed here. Genetic studies have revealed several key genes and provided important insights into the stomatal CO2 sensors and signal transduction mechanisms. The primary CO2\/HCO3\u2212 sensor in Arabidopsis guard cells was recently identified. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses have shown that early guard cell CO2 signal transduction components regulate water use efficiency (WUE). In this review, we describe the molecular details of stomatal CO2 sensing by CO2\/HCO3\u2212-induced interaction of two protein kinases, the HIGH LEAF TEMPERATURE 1 Raf-like kinase and the MPK4\/MPK12 mitogen-activated protein kinases. The evolutionary emergence of, physiological relevance of, and potential for improvement of WUE of plants via the stomatal CO2 response and open questions in this research field are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcaf074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T08:23:56Z","timestamp":1751531036000},"page":"1259-1273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Stomatal CO2 sensing in plants: control of gas exchange and interactions with environmental stimuli"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9406-4093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunhee","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Developmental Biology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattiwong","family":"Pankasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Developmental Biology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7265-7077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Kai","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Developmental Biology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian I","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Developmental Biology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2007.01641.x","article-title":"The response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to rising [CO2]: mechanisms and environmental interactions","volume":"30","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16346","article-title":"Midday water use efficiency in sorghum is linked to faster stomatal closure rate, lower stomatal aperture and higher stomatal density","volume":"115","author":"Al-Salman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.18.00544","article-title":"Red light-induced phosphorylation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in stomatal guard cells","volume":"178","author":"Ando","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18472","article-title":"Elevated CO(2) induces rapid dephosphorylation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in guard cells","volume":"236","author":"Ando","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.87.1.226","article-title":"Enhancement of the stomatal response to blue light by red light, reduced intercellular concentrations of CO2, and low vapor pressure differences","volume":"87","author":"Assmann","year":"1988","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.1999.00408.x","article-title":"The cellular basis of guard cell sensing of rising CO2","volume":"22","author":"Assmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12916","article-title":"Guard cell photosynthesis is critical for stomatal turgor production, yet does not directly mediate CO2- and ABA-induced stomatal closing","volume":"83","author":"Azoulay-Shemer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref8","volume-title":"Progress in Photosynthesis Research","author":"Ball","year":"1987"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref9","volume-title":"A History of Atmospheric CO2 And Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems","author":"Beerling","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0028-646X.2001.00335.x","article-title":"Reading a CO2 signal from fossil stomata","volume":"153","author":"Beerling","year":"2002","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.291.4.339","article-title":"A model for atmospheric CO2 over phanerozoic time","volume":"291","author":"Berner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Sci."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(92)90300-8","article-title":"Weathering, plants, and the long-term carbon cycle","volume":"56","author":"Berner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4281","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.112.101253","article-title":"Constitutively active mitogen-activated protein kinase versions reveal functions of Arabidopsis MPK4 in pathogen defense signaling","volume":"24","author":"Berriri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2010.04.013","article-title":"Stomata: key players in the earth system, past and present","volume":"13","author":"Berry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10593","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116590109","article-title":"Reconstitution of abscisic acid activation of SLAC1 anion channel by CPK6 and OST1 kinases and branched ABI1 PP2C phosphatase action","volume":"109","author":"Brandt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s004250050176","article-title":"The effect of elevated CO2 concentrations on K+ and anion channels of Vicia faba L. guard cells","volume":"203","author":"Brearley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.15.00774","article-title":"An innate immunity pathway in the moss Physcomitrella patens","volume":"28","author":"Bressendorff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1197985","article-title":"Passive origins of stomatal control in vascular plants","volume":"331","author":"Brodribb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref19","first-page":"3306","article-title":"An ancestral stomatal patterning module revealed in the non-vascular land plant Physcomitrella patens","volume":"143","author":"Caine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.04.032","article-title":"Regulatory mechanism controlling stomatal behavior conserved across 400 million years of land plant evolution","volume":"21","author":"Chater","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.09.013","article-title":"Elevated CO2-induced responses in stomata require ABA and ABA signaling","volume":"25","author":"Chater","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2016.179","article-title":"Origin and function of stomata in the moss Physcomitrella patens","volume":"2","author":"Chater","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5479.625","article-title":"Soluble adenylyl cyclase as an evolutionarily conserved bicarbonate sensor","volume":"289","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13497","article-title":"Absence of Os\u03b2CA1 causes a CO2 deficit and affects leaf photosynthesis and the stomatal response to CO2 in rice","volume":"90","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.04.040","article-title":"The origin and evolution of stomata","volume":"32","author":"Clark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.2001.00184.x","article-title":"CO2 enrichment increases water-use efficiency in sorghum","volume":"151","author":"Conley","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.2000.00561.x","article-title":"Analysis of the sensing and transducing processes implicated in the stomatal responses to carbon dioxide in Commelina communis L","volume":"23","author":"Cousson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042809-112122","article-title":"Abscisic acid: emergence of a core signaling network","volume":"61","author":"Cutler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1098\/rspl.1898.0053","article-title":"Observations on stomata","volume":"63","author":"Darwin","year":"1898","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2015151118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2015151118","article-title":"Structure and activity of Slac1 channels for stomatal signaling in leaves","volume":"118","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321429111","article-title":"Variation in MPK12 affects water use efficiency In Arabidopsis and reveals a pleiotropic link between guard cell size and ABA response","volume":"111","author":"Des Marais","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19558","article-title":"Uncoupling of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis at high temperatures: mechanistic insights from online stable isotope techniques","volume":"241","author":"Diao","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-019-0490-0","article-title":"The role of Arabidopsis ABA receptors from the PYR\/PYL\/RCAR family in stomatal acclimation and closure signal integration","volume":"5","author":"Dittrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-070109-104628","article-title":"The language of calcium signaling","volume":"61","author":"Dodd","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2009.02905.x","article-title":"Exploding a myth: the capsule dehiscence mechanism and the function of pseudostomata in Sphagnum","volume":"183","author":"Duckett","year":"2009","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/36.1.91","article-title":"Evidence for a CO2 inhibited proton extrusion pump in the stomatal cells of tradescantia-virginiana","volume":"36","author":"Edwards","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/49.Special_Issue.255","article-title":"Stomata in early land plants: an anatomical and ecophysiological approach","volume":"49","author":"Edwards","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13452","article-title":"Carbonic anhydrases, EPF2 and a novel protease mediate CO2 control of stomatal development","volume":"513","author":"Engineer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1071\/PP9840191","article-title":"An empirical model of stomatal conductance","volume":"11","author":"Farquhar","year":"1984","journal-title":"Funct. Plant Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E49719","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201949719","article-title":"Glucose uptake to guard cells via STP transporters provides carbon sources for stomatal opening and plant growth","volume":"21","author":"Flutsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.18.00802","article-title":"Guard cell starch degradation yields glucose for rapid stomatal opening in Arabidopsis","volume":"32","author":"Flutsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1186022","article-title":"Common sense","volume":"327","author":"Frommer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45236-9","article-title":"Light-induced stomatal opening requires phosphorylation of the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase","volume":"15","author":"Fuji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3002592","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002592","article-title":"A network-based Modeling framework reveals the core signal transduction network underlying high carbon dioxide-induced stomatal closure In guard cells","volume":"22","author":"Gan","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21425","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912021106","article-title":"Activity of guard cell anion channel SLAC1 is controlled by drought-stress signaling kinase-phosphatase pair","volume":"106","author":"Geiger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20198","article-title":"Subfamily C7 Raf-like kinases MRK1, RAF26, and RAF39 regulate immune homeostasis and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"244","author":"Goncalves Dias","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E0250584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250584","article-title":"A phylogenetic study of the members of the MAPK and MEK families across Viridiplantae","volume":"16","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Coronel","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/35047071","article-title":"The HIC signalling pathway links CO2 perception to stomatal development","volume":"408","author":"Gray","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16132","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2016.132","article-title":"Intensifying drought eliminates the expected benefits of elevated carbon dioxide for soybean","volume":"2","author":"Gray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(01)00939-X","article-title":"Miniaturised carbon dioxide sensor designed for measurements within plant leaves","volume":"81","author":"Hanstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B-Chem."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1387","article-title":"Arabidopsis Ht1 kinase controls stomatal movements in response to CO2","volume":"8","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erw134","article-title":"Dominant and recessive mutations in the Raf-like kinase Ht1 gene completely disrupt stomatal responses to CO2 in Arabidopsis","volume":"67","author":"Hashimoto-Sugimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00103","article-title":"Water-use efficiency: advances and challenges in a changing climate","volume":"10","author":"Hatfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45248-5","article-title":"Phosphorylation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase Thr881 participates in light-induced stomatal opening","volume":"15","author":"Hayashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/161179a0","article-title":"Control of stomatal movement by a reduction in the normal carbon dioxide content of the air","volume":"161","author":"Heath","year":"1948","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05730.x","article-title":"Malate-induced feedback regulation of plasma membrane anion channels could provide a CO2 sensor to guard cells","volume":"12","author":"Hedrich","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1994.6050741.x","article-title":"Malate-sensitive anion channels enable guard-cells to sense changes in the ambient CO2 concentration","volume":"6","author":"Hedrich","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01843","article-title":"The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change","volume":"424","author":"Hetherington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01237-5","article-title":"Blue light and CO2 signals converge to regulate light-induced stomatal opening","volume":"8","author":"Hiyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.16.00131","article-title":"A dominant mutation in the HT1 kinase uncovers roles of map kinases and GHR1 in CO2-induced stomatal closure","volume":"28","author":"H\u00f5rak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.00120","article-title":"Fern stomatal responses to ABA and CO2 depend on species and growth conditions","volume":"174","author":"Horak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koab067","article-title":"A Blus1 kinase signal and a decrease in intercellular CO2 concentration are necessary for stomatal opening in response to blue light","volume":"33","author":"Hosotani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809204115","article-title":"Abscisic acid-independent stomatal CO2 signal transduction pathway and convergence of CO2 and ABA signaling downstream of OST1 kinase","volume":"115","author":"Hsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2009","article-title":"Carbonic anhydrases are upstream regulators of CO2-controlled stomatal movements in guard cells","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.15.00646","article-title":"Distinct cellular locations of carbonic anhydrases mediate carbon dioxide control of stomatal movements","volume":"169","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.112.100107","article-title":"A plasma membrane receptor kinase, GHR1, mediates abscisic acid-and hydrogen peroxide-regulated stomatal movement in Arabidopsis","volume":"24","author":"Hua","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2025.03.005","article-title":"Evolutionary insights into light-induced stomatal opening mechanisms","author":"Ivsic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2000322","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2000322","article-title":"Natural variation in Arabidopsis Cvi-0 accession reveals an important role of MPK12 in guard cell CO2 signaling","volume":"14","author":"Jakobson","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05466","article-title":"Two chemosensory receptors together mediate carbon dioxide detection in Drosophila","volume":"445","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiab344","article-title":"Boolink: a graphical Interface for open access Boolean network simulations and use in guard cell CO2 signaling","volume":"187","author":"Karanam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13379","article-title":"Stomatal sensitivity to CO2 diverges between angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species","volume":"33","author":"Klein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322778111","article-title":"Crystal structures of human soluble adenylyl cyclase reveal mechanisms of catalysis and of its activation through bicarbonate","volume":"111","author":"Kleinboelting","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.18.00176","article-title":"Carbonic anhydrase mutants in Zea mays have altered stomatal responses to environmental signals","volume":"177","author":"Kolbe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.20.00913","article-title":"Origins and evolution of cuticle biosynthetic machinery in land plants","volume":"184","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3778","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.110.077164","article-title":"The map kinase MPK4 is required for cytokinesis in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"22","author":"Kosetsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.19.01528","article-title":"Guard cells integrate light and temperature signals to control stomatal Aperture1 [open]","volume":"182","author":"Kostaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17208","article-title":"Moss stomata do not respond to light and CO2 concentration but facilitate carbon uptake by sporophytes: a gas exchange, stomatal aperture, and 13c-labelling study","volume":"230","author":"Kub\u00e1sek","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref78","first-page":"528","article-title":"Abscisic-acid contents and concentrations in protoplasts from guard cells and mesophyll cells of Vicia faba L","author":"Lahr","year":"1988"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02685.x","article-title":"Guard cell photosynthesis and stomatal function","volume":"181","author":"Lawson","year":"2009","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ern211","article-title":"Reductions in mesophyll and guard cell photosynthesis impact on the control of stomatal responses to light and CO2","volume":"59","author":"Lawson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12945","article-title":"Mesophyll photosynthesis and guard cell metabolism impacts on stomatal behaviour","volume":"203","author":"Lawson","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1782","article-title":"The ABC transporter Atabcb14 is a malate importer and modulates stomatal response to CO2","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21419","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910601106","article-title":"A protein kinase-phosphatase pair interacts with an Ion channel to regulate ABA signaling in plant guard cells","volume":"106","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30253-3","article-title":"Structure of the Arabidopsis guard cell anion channel SLAC1 suggests activation mechanism by phosphorylation","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf5041","article-title":"Global water use efficiency saturation due to increased vapor pressure deficit","volume":"381","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiae262","article-title":"CO2 response screen in grass Brachypodium reveals the key role of a map kinase in CO2-triggered stomatal closure","volume":"196","author":"Lopez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20429","article-title":"Alternative transcriptional initiation of Os\u03b2CA1 produces three distinct subcellular localization isoforms involved in stomatal response regulation and photosynthesis in Rice","volume":"246","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(02)02302-6","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in plants: a new nomenclature","volume":"7","author":"Mapk Group","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2008.03542.x","article-title":"Silencing of NtMPK4 impairs CO-induced stomatal closure, activation of anion channels and cytosolic Casignals in Nicotiana tabacum guard cells","volume":"55","author":"Marten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13566","article-title":"The HT1 protein kinase is essential for red light-induced stomatal opening and genetically interacts with OST1 in red light and CO2-induced stomatal movement responses","volume":"208","author":"Matrosova","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.112.096404","article-title":"Fern and lycophyte guard cells do not respond to endogenous abscisic acid","volume":"24","author":"McAdam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.2001.00028.x","article-title":"Stomatal conductance of forest species after long-term exposure to elevated CO(2) concentration: a synthesis","volume":"149","author":"Medlyn","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.054","article-title":"Plant stomata function in innate immunity against bacterial invasion","volume":"126","author":"Melotto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref94","first-page":"851","article-title":"Stomatal VPD response: there is more to the story than ABA","volume-title":"Plant Physiol.","author":"Merilo","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.2002.01322.x","article-title":"Use of infrared thermal imaging to isolate Arabidopsis mutants defective in stomatal regulation","volume":"30","author":"Merlot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.073676","article-title":"Evidence for involvement of photosynthetic processes in the stomatal response to CO2","volume":"140","author":"Messinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14911","article-title":"The poorly-explored stomatal response to temperature at constant evaporative demand","volume":"47","author":"Mills","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01087.x","article-title":"Sensing of atmospheric CO2 by plants","volume":"13","author":"Mott","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06720","article-title":"CO2 regulator Slac1 and its homologues are essential for anion homeostasis in plant cells","volume":"452","author":"Negi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20121","article-title":"Warming triggers stomatal opening by enhancement of photosynthesis and ensuing guard cell CO(2) sensing, whereas higher temperatures induce a photosynthesis-uncoupled response","volume":"244","author":"Pankasem","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00213-0","article-title":"Arabidopsis map kinase 4 negatively regulates systemic acquired resistance","volume":"103","author":"Petersen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6856","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erae168","article-title":"GABA does not regulate stomatal CO2 signalling in Arabidopsis","volume":"75","author":"Piechatzek","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042811-105451","article-title":"Mechanisms of stomatal development","volume":"63","author":"Pillitteri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ado0734","article-title":"Drought in a warmer, CO2\u2212rich climate restricts grassland water use and soil water mixing","volume":"387","author":"Radolinski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8326","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1606728113","article-title":"Grasses use an alternatively wired bHLH transcription factor network to establish stomatal identity","volume":"113","author":"Raissig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00387507","article-title":"Temperature dependence of CO2 assimilation and stomatal aperture in leaf sections of Zea mays","volume":"91","author":"Raschke","year":"1970","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-003-1033-4","article-title":"The slow and the quick anion conductance in whole guard cells: their voltage-dependent alternation, and the modulation of their activities by abscisic acid and CO2","volume":"217","author":"Raschke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.92.1.246","article-title":"Rubisco activity in guard cells compared with the solute requirement for stomatal opening 1","volume":"92","author":"Reckmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref109","volume-title":"Annual Plant Reviews, Biology of the Plant Cuticle","author":"Riederer","year":"2008"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.2002.01403.x","article-title":"CO2 provides an intermediate link in the red light response of guard cells","volume":"32","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20200034","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2020.0034","article-title":"Bicarbonate, carbon dioxide and pH sensing via mammalian bicarbonate-regulated soluble adenylyl cyclase","volume":"11","author":"Rossetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.02.006","article-title":"Evolutionarily conserved bacterial effectors hijack abscisic acid signaling to induce an aqueous environment in the apoplast","volume":"30","author":"Roussin-Leveillee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.04.044","article-title":"Land plants acquired active stomatal control early in their evolutionary history","volume":"21","author":"Ruszala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/338427a0","article-title":"Cytosolic calcium regulates ion channels in the plasma-membrane of Vicia faba guard-cells","volume":"338","author":"Schroeder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4108","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.12.4108","article-title":"Voltage dependence of K channels in guard-cell protoplasts","volume":"84","author":"Schroeder","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17079","article-title":"A role for calcium-dependent protein kinases in differential CO(2)- and ABA-controlled stomatal closing and low CO(2)-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis","volume":"229","author":"Schulze","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00395472","article-title":"Metabolic energy for stomatal opening. Roles of photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation","volume":"161","author":"Schwartz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2310670120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2310670120","article-title":"Distinct guard cell-specific remodeling of chromatin accessibility during abscisic acid- and CO(2)-dependent stomatal regulation","volume":"120","author":"Seller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105434","article-title":"Light regulation of stomatal movement","volume":"58","author":"Shimazaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2015.09.008","article-title":"Transcriptional control of cell fate in the stomatal lineage","volume":"29","author":"Simmons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3897\/neobiota.96.132194","article-title":"Responses of invasive and native plant species to drought stress and elevated CO2 concentrations: a meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Sobuj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neobiota"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14615","article-title":"CO-induced chloroplast movement in one cell-layer moss leaves","volume":"46","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Eabq6161","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq6161","article-title":"Stomatal CO(2)\/bicarbonate sensor consists of two interacting protein kinases, Raf-like HT1 and non-kinase-activity requiring MPK12\/MPK4","volume":"8","author":"Takahashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00880.x","article-title":"Integration of hydraulic and chemical signalling in the control of stomatal conductance and water status of droughted plants","volume":"16","author":"Tardieu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6810","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erae093","article-title":"Illuminating stomatal responses to red light: establishing the role of Ci-dependent versus -independent mechanisms in control of stomatal behaviour","volume":"75","author":"Taylor","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14087","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK4 and MPK12 are key components mediating CO2-induced stomatal movements","volume":"96","author":"T\u00f5ldsepp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pce101","article-title":"Guard-cell chloroplasts provide ATP required for H+ pumping in the plasma membrane and stomatal opening","volume":"42","author":"Tominaga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erx052","article-title":"Increase in leaf temperature opens stomata and decouples net photosynthesis from stomatal conductance in Pinus taeda and Populus deltoides X nigra","volume":"68","author":"Urban","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06608","article-title":"Slac1 is required for plant guard cell S-type anion channel function in stomatal signalling","volume":"452","author":"Vahisalu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2004.01276.x","article-title":"Guard cell metabolism and CO2 sensing","volume":"165","author":"Vavasseur","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npg.els.0001670","article-title":"Photosynthesis and respiration in cyanobacteria","author":"Vermaas","year":"2001","journal-title":"eLS"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13080","article-title":"Physiological and transcriptional memory in guard cells during repetitive dehydration stress","volume":"205","author":"Virlouvet","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erh128","article-title":"Stomatal conductance does not correlate with photosynthetic capacity in transgenic tobacco with reduced amounts of rubisco","volume":"55","author":"Von Caemmerer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2003.07.018","article-title":"Molecular adaptation and the origin of land plants","volume":"29","author":"Waters","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1996.09030297.x","article-title":"Carbon dioxide induces increases in guard cell cytosolic free calcium","volume":"9","author":"Webb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/282424a0","article-title":"Stomatal conductance correlates with photosynthetic capacity","volume":"282","author":"Wong","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/327617a0","article-title":"Stomatal numbers are sensitive to increases in CO2 from pre-industrial levels","volume":"327","author":"Woodward","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiae377","article-title":"A module involving high leaf Temperature1 controls instantaneous water use efficiency","volume":"196","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-024-01859-w","article-title":"Stomatal opening under high temperatures is controlled by the OST1-regulated TOT3\u2013AHA1 module","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.68","article-title":"Central functions of bicarbonate in S-type anion channel activation and OST1 protein kinase in CO2 signal transduction in guard cell","volume":"30","author":"Xue","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.15.00583","article-title":"The transmembrane region of guard cell SLAC1 channels perceives CO2 signals via an ABA-independent pathway in Arabidopsis","volume":"28","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7506","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602225103","article-title":"CO2 signaling in guard cells: calcium sensitivity response modulation, a Ca2+-independent phase, and CO2 insensitivity of the GCA2 mutant","volume":"103","author":"Young","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807624115","article-title":"Identification of SLAC1 anion channel residues required for CO2\/bicarbonate sensing and regulation of stomatal movements","volume":"115","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2025092509063875700_ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56351","article-title":"FRET kinase sensor development reveals SnRK2\/OST1 activation by ABA but not by MeJA and high CO2 during stomatal closure","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"}],"container-title":["Plant and Cell Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pcp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/pcp\/pcaf074\/63654540\/pcaf074.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pcp\/article-pdf\/66\/9\/1259\/63654540\/pcaf074.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pcp\/article-pdf\/66\/9\/1259\/63654540\/pcaf074.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T13:07:00Z","timestamp":1758805620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pcp\/article\/66\/9\/1259\/8183364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pcp\/pcaf074","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-0781","1471-9053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-0781","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-9053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]}}}