{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:31:52Z","timestamp":1791556312359,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000011","name":"HHMI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF 2118017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF 2118017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000011","name":"HHMI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF 2119820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF 2119820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017813","name":"California Tomato Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022;2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022;2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017813","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006759","name":"California Department of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21\u20130433-46A-SF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\u20130433-46A-SF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011929","name":"Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23\u2013000823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23\u2013000823"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa) is an obligate root parasitic weed that threatens tomato production in many regions. Progress in understanding host resistance mechanisms has been hindered by the parasite\u2019s subterranean life cycle and the technical limitations of traditional soil-based assays. Here, we introduce an integrated experimental framework that enables molecular, genetic, and cellular analysis of broomrape parasitism in tomato under controlled conditions. We implemented a transparent, soil-less co-cultivation system for non-destructive, real-time monitoring of broomrape development on tomato roots, and a dual-compartment in vitro co-culture system supporting parasite infection of transgenic hairy roots. This methodology enabled rapid functional testing of candidate host resistance genes, exemplified by CRISPR-edited mutants of the tomato transcription factor SCHIZORIZA (SlSCZ), which displayed localized lignin accumulation at the parasite entry site in the root. The observed lignification suggests a role for this gene in regulating inducible cell wall lignification against broomrape. Together, these tomato-focused integrated methods enable reproducible imaging, genetic perturbation, and high-resolution analysis of host\u2013parasite interfaces. These provide a scalable platform for dissecting broomrape resistance and accelerating resistance gene discovery in tomato and a critical tool for combating the devastating consequences of this parasite on agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcaf161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T14:06:43Z","timestamp":1765548403000},"page":"605-613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An integrated framework to elucidate mechanisms underlying host-branched broomrape infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4622-5689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Gouran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of California , Davis 95616 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moonglow S","family":"De Clarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of California , Davis 95616 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siobhan M","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of California , Davis 95616 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Genome Center, University of California , Davis 95616 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California , Davis 95616 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelima R","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of California , Davis 95616 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.93.7.1039","article-title":"Phylogeny of the parasitic plant family Orobanchaceae inferred from phytochrome A","volume":"93","author":"Bennett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.2001.14.6.695","article-title":"Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots of Medicago truncatula for the study of nitrogen-fixing and endomycorrhizal symbiotic associations","volume":"14","author":"Boisson-Dernier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-021-00778-7","article-title":"Highly efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation for gene functional and gene editing analysis in soybean","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9268","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9268","article-title":"Multiple immunity-related genes control susceptibility of Arabidopsis thalianato the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca","volume":"8","author":"Clarke","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.767459","article-title":"Peculiarities of the transformation of Asteraceae family species: the cases of sunflower and lettuce","volume":"12","author":"Darqui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erg129","article-title":"Resistance to broomrape (Orobanche spp.) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is temperature dependent","volume":"54","author":"Eizenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref9","first-page":"91","article-title":"Recent advances in broomrape research","volume":"1","author":"Gevezova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043174500088937","article-title":"Variation in vetch (Vicia spp.) response to Orobanche aegyptiaca","volume":"45","author":"","year":"1997","journal-title":"Weed Sci."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1199\/tab.0035","article-title":"The Use of Arabidopsis to Study Interactions between Parasitic Angiosperms and Their Plant Hosts","volume":"1","author":"","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arabidopsis Book"},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref10","article-title":"An improved method for Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of tomato suitable for the study of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis","volume":"14.1","author":"Ho-Pl\u00e1garo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiac024","article-title":"Heinz-resistant tomato cultivars exhibit a lignin-based resistance to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) parasitism","volume":"189","author":"Jhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3180.2009.00748.x","article-title":"The new nomenclature of Orobanche and Phelipanche","volume":"49","author":"Joel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Weed Res."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1139\/b94-075","article-title":"The attachment organ of the parasitic angiosperms Orobanche cumana and O. Aegyptiaca and its development","volume":"72","author":"Joel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can. J. Bot."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s11032-021-01225-0","article-title":"Maize transformation: history, progress, and perspectives","volume":"41","author":"Kausch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Breed."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.113971","article-title":"The soil microbiome modulates the sorghum root metabolome and cellular traits with a concomitant reduction of Striga infection","volume":"43","author":"Kawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3180.2009.00752.x","article-title":"The effect of Phelipanche ramosa infection on the quality of tomato fruit","volume":"50","author":"Longo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Weed Res."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/07929978.1996.10676638","article-title":"Aseptic broomrape infection of tomato root culture","volume":"44","author":"Losner-Goshen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Isr. J. 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Agric."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1713","article-title":"Observations on the current status of Orobanche and Striga problems worldwide","volume":"65","author":"Parker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1983.tb02787.x","article-title":"The use of polyethylene bags in the culture and study of Striga spp. and other organisms on crop roots","volume":"103","author":"Parker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Appl. Biol."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.14096","article-title":"Rhizobium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root induction and plant regeneration for bioengineering citrus","volume":"21","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.239392","article-title":"Hairy root transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes as a tool for exploring cell type-specific gene expression and function using tomato as a model","volume":"166","author":"Ron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4811-8-20","article-title":"Striga parasitizes transgenic hairy roots of Zea mays and provides a tool for studying plant\u2013plant interactions","volume":"8","author":"Runo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.102.017681","article-title":"Recent advances in legume transformation","volume":"131","author":"Somers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2026052210511590900_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-073009-114453","article-title":"The strigolactone story","volume":"48","author":"Xie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. 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