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Once focused primarily on respiration and bioenergetics, the field now encompasses diverse areas, including genome evolution, gene expression, organelle dynamics, stress signaling, metabolism, and biotechnology. The 14th International Conference for Plant Mitochondrial Biology (ICPMB), held in Kagoshima, Japan, from 18 to 22 May 2026, brought together researchers to discuss recent advances across these rapidly expanding research areas. This meeting report summarizes the major scientific advances presented at ICPMB 2026 and highlights emerging directions that are defining the future of plant mitochondrial biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcag125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T11:53:06Z","timestamp":1789213986000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Highlights from the 14th International Conference for Plant Mitochondrial Biology: current trends and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4121-7719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingxiu","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7616-7515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rika","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo 113-8657 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7081-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanami","family":"Kosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo 113-8657 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8508-2574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsu Yi","family":"Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4657-0925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Gutmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3808-3991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Kazama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3242-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mizuki","family":"Takenaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9537-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-ichi","family":"Arimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo 113-8657 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9747-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wataru","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University , 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki 710-0046 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100509102446300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcad162","article-title":"Genome editing of plant mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes","volume":"65","author":"Arimura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"2026100509102446300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msag077","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msag077","article-title":"Reshaping organellar translation and tRNA metabolism: the consequences of photosynthesis loss and massive horizontal gene transfer","volume":"43","author":"Ceriotti","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. 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