{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:32:41Z","timestamp":1787009561173,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI129731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI129731"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006808","name":"University of North Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chapel Hill Center for AIDS Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI050410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI050410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Web scraping involves using computer programs for automated extraction and organization of data from the Web for the purpose of further data analysis and use. It is frequently used by commercial companies, but also has become a valuable tool in epidemiological research and public health planning. In this paper, we explore ethical issues in a project that \u201cscrapes\u201d public websites of U.S. county jails as part of an effort to develop a comprehensive database (including individual-level jail incarcerations, court records and confidential HIV records) to enhance HIV surveillance and improve continuity of care for incarcerated populations. We argue that the well-known framework of Emanuel et al. (2000) provides only partial ethical guidance for the activities we describe, which lie at a complex intersection of public health research and public health practice. We suggest some ethical considerations from the ethics of public health practice to help fill gaps in this relatively unexplored area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/phe\/phaa006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T15:10:51Z","timestamp":1580915451000},"page":"111-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Scraping the Web for Public Health Gains: Ethical Considerations from a \u2018Big Data\u2019 Research Project on HIV and Incarceration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Stuart","family":"Rennie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Bioethics Center, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Buchbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Bioethics Center, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Juengst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Bioethics Center, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Brinkley-Rubinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Equity, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Blue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020073019370386500_phaa006-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12551","article-title":"Adjusting the Focus: A Public Health Ethics Approach to Data Research","volume":"33","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"2020073019370386500_phaa006-B2","volume-title":"Privacy, Big Data, and the Public Good","author":"Barocas","year":"2014"},{"key":"2020073019370386500_phaa006-B3","year":"2018"},{"key":"2020073019370386500_phaa006-B4"},{"key":"2020073019370386500_phaa006-B42877325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2002.tb00384.x","article-title":"Public Health Ethics: mapping the Terrain","volume":"30","author":"Childress","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics : a Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics"},{"key":"2020073019370386500_phaa006-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31829e46dc","article-title":"Big Data in Epidemiology: Too Big to Fail?","volume":"24","author":"Chiolero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2020073019370386500_phaa006-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105243","article-title":"Prevention of HIV-1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy","volume":"365","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2020073019370386500_phaa006-B7","author":"Densmore","year":"2017"},{"key":"2020073019370386500_phaa006-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.20.2701","article-title":"What Makes Clinical Research Ethical?","volume":"283","author":"Emanuel","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"2020073019370386500_phaa006-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1086\/381709","article-title":"What Makes Clinical Research in Developing Countries Ethical? 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