{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T12:08:07Z","timestamp":1783944487490,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":109,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In their recent book, Inducing Immunity (2024), Roland Pierik and Marcel Verweij develop an account of collective immunization according to which liberal-democratic governments are sometimes justified in restricting people's freedom to refuse vaccination. In this commentary, I focus on a specific argument in the book about misinformation, freedom of expression and mandatory vaccination. Pierik and Verweij argue that, when vaccine misinformation threatens vaccination rates, governments\u2014in order to increase or maintain vaccination rates\u2014should consider mandatory vaccination before restricting freedom of expression. I summarize the argument and raise two issues to help advance the debate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/phe\/phag013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T01:03:00Z","timestamp":1783904580000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Misinformation, Freedom of Expression and Mandatory Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6338-6305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven R","family":"Kraaijeveld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Law, Ethics & Medical Humanities, Amsterdam UMC , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-008684","article-title":"The Unintended Consequences of COVID-19 Vaccine Policy: Why Mandates, Passports and Restrictions may Cause More Harm Than Good","volume":"7","author":"Bardosh","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-015-9673-1","article-title":"Vaccine Refusal and Trust: The Trouble With Coercion and Education and Suggestions for a Cure","volume":"12","author":"Bester","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E524","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20180191","article-title":"Impact of School Vaccination Mandates on Pediatric Vaccination Coverage: A Systematic Review","volume":"3","author":"Greyson","year":"2019","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060593","article-title":"Lack of Trust, Conspiracy Beliefs, and Social Media Use Predict COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy","volume":"9","author":"Jennings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-022-01363-1","article-title":"COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates and Vaccine Uptake","volume":"6","author":"Kaivanov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-022-10223-6","article-title":"The Ethical Significance of Post-Vaccination COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics","volume":"20","author":"Kraaijeveld","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B7","author":"Kraaijeveld","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10892-023-09445-6","article-title":"A Scalar Approach to Vaccination Ethics","volume":"28","author":"Kraaijeveld","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Journal of Ethics"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-022-10103-1","article-title":"Moralization and Mismoralization in Public Health","volume":"25","author":"Kraaijeveld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01056-1","article-title":"Measuring the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Vaccination Intent in the UK and USA","volume":"5","author":"Loomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Human Behavior"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00875-3","article-title":"Effectiveness of Vaccination Mandates in Improving Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccines in the USA","volume":"400","author":"Mello","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1912603","article-title":"Current Understandings of the Impact of Mandatory Vaccination Laws in Europe","volume":"20","author":"Odone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Review of Vaccines"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/15307.001.0001","volume-title":"Inducing Immunity? Justifying Immunization Policies in Times of Vaccine Hesitancy","author":"Pierik","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.05.035","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Mandatory Influenza Vaccination in Healthcare Personnel","volume":"47","author":"Pitts","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17457289.2025.2551060","article-title":"Polarized Trust and Vaccine Uptake","author":"Rudolph","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties"},{"key":"2026071220064232900_phag013-B16","first-page":"986","article-title":"Reactance Revisited: Consequences of Mandatory and Scarce Vaccination in the Case of COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Sprengholz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being"}],"container-title":["Public Health Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/phe\/article-pdf\/19\/2\/phag013\/68758184\/phag013.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/phe\/article-pdf\/19\/2\/phag013\/68758184\/phag013.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T01:03:03Z","timestamp":1783904583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/phe\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/phe\/phag013\/8732407"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/phe\/phag013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-9973","1754-9981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-9973","type":"print"},{"value":"1754-9981","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"article-number":"phag013"}}