{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T02:45:49Z","timestamp":1778985949286,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,26]],"date-time":"2016-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Uehiro Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100705\/Z\/12\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100705\/Z\/12\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Methadone maintenance therapy is a cost-effective, evidence-based treatment for heroin dependence. In the USA, a majority of heroin-dependent offenders are forced to detox from methadone when incarcerated. Recent research published in The Lancet has demonstrated the negative health and economic outcomes associated with such policies (Rich, J. D., McKenzie, M., Larney, S., Wong, J. B., Tran, L., Clarke, J. et al. (2015). Methadone Continuation Versus Forced Withdrawal on Incarceration in a Combined US Prison and Jail: A Randomised, Open Label Trial. The Lancet, 386, 350\u2013359). This novel evidence raises questions as to the justification for current policies of forced detox in American prisons. Opponents of methadone provision in prisons might offer arguments from retributivism, resource allocation and curative effectiveness to justify their position. This article contends that these arguments do not stand up to ethical scrutiny. In light of this, we hold that American policymakers should reform criminal justice policies to allow the initiation and continuation of methadone treatment in correctional settings. This would be consistent with both international recommendations and the example set by a number of other Western countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/phe\/phw040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T23:07:16Z","timestamp":1476227236000},"page":"89-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Case against Forced Methadone Detox in the US Prisons"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"D\u2019Hotman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Pugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019121022372649800_phw040-B1","author":"Arria","year":"2009"},{"key":"2019121022372649800_phw040-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(01)00057-X","article-title":"Substance Abuse and Violence","volume":"8","author":"Boles","year":"2003","journal-title":"A Review of the Literature. 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Aggregate-level Analysis","volume":"45","author":"Lind","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of Criminology"},{"key":"2019121022372649800_phw040-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/japp.12044","article-title":"Some Surprising Implications of Negative Retributivism","volume":"31","author":"Lippke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Philosophy"},{"key":"2019121022372649800_phw040-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.01.004","article-title":"Do Drug Users in China Who Frequently Receive Detoxification Treatment Change Their Risky Drug Use Practices and Sexual Behavior?","volume":"84","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"2019121022372649800_phw040-B19","first-page":"CD002209","article-title":"Methadone Maintenance Therapy Versus No Opioid Replacement Therapy for Opioid Dependence","volume":"3","author":"Mattick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2019121022372649800_phw040-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jti072","article-title":"Attitudes and Practices Regarding the Use of Methadone in US State and Federal Prisons","volume":"82","author":"Rich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"key":"2019121022372649800_phw040-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62338-2","article-title":"Methadone Continuation Versus Forced Withdrawal on Incarceration in a Combined US Prison and Jail: A Randomised, Open-Label Trial","volume":"386","author":"Rich","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2019121022372649800_phw040-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v24n03_04","article-title":"Linkage with Methadone Treatment Upon Release from Incarceration: A Promising 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